PICO CALEDONIA

Altitude (m):	1900-2200
# Species:	257
# Excl Vagrants:	257
# Endemics:	36
# Near Endemics:	5
Habitat: High elevation forest, scrub

BIRD CHECKLIST

The table below lists species recorded at this locale but does not indicate frequency of occurrence there. It does indicate whether each species is globally threatened or endangered according to the IUCN and also whether it is migratory, very rare, or accidental in the country. The list is based on available data and may be incomplete.*

color codes

Tinamous: Tinamidae
1	Brown Tinamou	Crypturellus obsoletus	?
Guans, Chachalacas, and Curassows: Cracidae
2	Dusky-legged Guan	Penelope obscura	?
Pigeons and Doves: Columbidae
3	Rock Pigeon	Columba livia	?
4	Pale-vented Pigeon	Patagioenas cayennensis	?
5	Picazuro Pigeon	Patagioenas picazuro	C
6	Plumbeous Pigeon	Patagioenas plumbea	UC
7	Ruddy Ground Dove	Columbina talpacoti	?
8	White-tipped Dove	Leptotila verreauxi	C
9	Gray-fronted Dove	Leptotila rufaxilla	?
Cuckoos: Cuculidae
10	Guira Cuckoo	Guira guira	?
11	Smooth-billed Ani	Crotophaga ani	?
12	Common Squirrel-Cuckoo	Piaya cayana	?
Nightjars and Allies: Caprimulgidae
13	Common Pauraque	Nyctidromus albicollis	?
14	Long-trained Nightjar	Macropsalis forcipata	?
Potoos: Nyctibiidae
15	Common Potoo	Nyctibius griseus	?
Swifts: Apodidae
16	White-collared Swift	Streptoprocne zonaris	?
17	Biscutate Swift	Streptoprocne biscutata	?
18	Sick's Swift	Chaetura meridionalis	?
Hummingbirds: Trochilidae
19	Black Jacobin	Florisuga fusca	?
20	Saw-billed Hermit	Ramphodon naevius	?
21	Planalto Hermit	Phaethornis pretrei	?
22	Scale-throated Hermit	Phaethornis eurynome	?
23	Brazilian Ruby	Heliodoxa rubricauda	?
24	Amethyst Woodstar	Calliphlox amethystina	?
25	Glittering-bellied Emerald	Chlorostilbon lucidus	?
26	Green-crowned Plovercrest	Stephanoxis lalandi	?
27	Violet-capped Woodnymph	Thalurania glaucopis	?
28	Swallow-tailed Hummingbird	Eupetomena macroura	?
29	Sombre Hummingbird	Eupetomena cirrochloris	?
30	Versicolored Emerald	Chrysuronia versicolor	?
31	White-throated Hummingbird	Leucochloris albicollis	?
32	Glittering-throated Emerald	Chionomesa fimbriata	?
33	Sapphire-spangled Emerald	Chionomesa lactea	?
Rails, Gallinules, and Coots: Rallidae
34	Slaty-breasted Wood-Rail	Aramides saracura	?
Plovers and Lapwings: Charadriidae
35	Southern Lapwing	Vanellus chilensis	?
Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns: Ardeidae
36	Rufescent Tiger-Heron	Tigrisoma lineatum	?
37	Whistling Heron	Syrigma sibilatrix	?
38	Western Cattle-Egret	Bubulcus ibis	?
39	Great Egret	Ardea alba	?
40	Cocoi Heron	Ardea cocoi	?
New World Vultures: Cathartidae
41	Black Vulture	Coragyps atratus	?
42	Turkey Vulture	Cathartes aura	?
43	Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture	Cathartes burrovianus	?
Hawks, Eagles, and Kites: Accipitridae
44	Swallow-tailed Kite	Elanoides forficatus	?
45	Black Hawk-Eagle	Spizaetus tyrannus	?
46	Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle	Spizaetus melanoleucus	?
47	Sharp-shinned Hawk	Accipiter striatus	?
48	Savanna Hawk	Buteogallus meridionalis	?
49	Chaco Eagle	Buteogallus coronatus	?
50	Roadside Hawk	Rupornis magnirostris	?
51	White-rumped Hawk	Parabuteo leucorrhous	?
52	White-tailed Hawk	Geranoaetus albicaudatus	?
53	Short-tailed Hawk	Buteo brachyurus	?
54	Zone-tailed Hawk	Buteo albonotatus	?
Owls: Strigidae
55	Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl	Glaucidium brasilianum	?
56	Burrowing Owl	Athene cunicularia	?
57	Rusty-barred Owl	Strix hylophila	?
Trogons: Trogonidae
58	Green-backed Trogon	Trogon viridis	?
59	Surucua Trogon	Trogon surrucura	?
60	Atlantic Black-throated Trogon	Trogon chrysochloros	?
Motmots: Momotidae
61	Rufous-capped Motmot	Baryphthengus ruficapillus	?
Puffbirds: Bucconidae
62	White-eared Puffbird	Nystalus chacuru	?
Toucans: Ramphastidae
63	Saffron Toucanet	Pteroglossus bailloni	?
64	Channel-billed Toucan	Ramphastos vitellinus	?
Woodpeckers: Picidae
65	White-barred Piculet	Picumnus cirratus	?
66	White Woodpecker	Melanerpes candidus	?
67	Yellow-eared Woodpecker	Veniliornis maculifrons	?
68	Lineated Woodpecker	Dryocopus lineatus	?
69	Blond-crested Woodpecker	Celeus flavescens	?
70	Yellow-throated Woodpecker	Piculus flavigula	?
71	White-browed Woodpecker	Piculus aurulentus	?
72	Green-barred Woodpecker	Colaptes melanochloros	?
73	Campo Flicker	Colaptes campestris	?
Seriemas: Cariamidae
74	Red-legged Seriema	Cariama cristata	?
Falcons and Caracaras: Falconidae
75	Barred Forest-Falcon	Micrastur ruficollis	?
76	Crested Caracara	Caracara cheriway	FC
77	Yellow-headed Caracara	Daptrius chimachima	?
78	American Kestrel	Falco sparverius	FC
79	Aplomado Falcon	Falco femoralis	?
Parrots: Psittacidae
80	Plain Parakeet	Brotogeris tirica	?
81	Pileated Parrot	Pionopsitta pileata	?
82	Scaly-headed Parrot	Pionus maximiliani	?
83	Maroon-bellied Parakeet	Pyrrhura frontalis	?
84	White-eyed Parakeet	Psittacara leucophthalmus	FC
Typical Antbirds: Thamnophilidae
85	Giant Antshrike	Batara cinerea	UC
86	Large-tailed Antshrike	Mackenziaena leachii	UC
87	Tufted Antshrike	Mackenziaena severa	?
88	Rufous-capped Antshrike	Thamnophilus ruficapillus	FC
89	Variable Antshrike	Thamnophilus caerulescens	?
90	Spot-breasted Antvireo	Dysithamnus stictothorax	?
91	Plain Antvireo	Dysithamnus mentalis	?
92	Rufous-backed Antvireo	Dysithamnus xanthopterus	?
93	White-flanked Antwren	Myrmotherula axillaris	?
94	Rufous-margined Antwren	Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus	?
95	Ferruginous Antbird	Drymophila ferruginea	?
96	Bertoni's Antbird	Drymophila rubricollis	?
97	Rufous-tailed Antbird	Drymophila genei	?
98	Ochre-rumped Antbird	Drymophila ochropyga	?
99	Dusky-tailed Antbird	Drymophila malura	?
100	Streak-capped Antwren	Terenura maculata	?
101	White-shouldered Fire-eye	Pyriglena leucoptera	?
Gnateaters: Conopophagidae
102	Black-cheeked Gnateater	Conopophaga melanops	?
103	Rufous Gnateater	Conopophaga lineata	?
Antpittas: Grallariidae
104	Variegated Antpitta	Grallaria varia	?
Tapaculos: Rhinocryptidae
105	Mouse-colored Tapaculo	Scytalopus speluncae	?
Antthrushes: Formicariidae
106	Rufous-tailed Antthrush	Chamaeza ruficauda	?
Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers: Furnariidae
107	Olivaceous Woodcreeper	Sittasomus griseicapillus	?
108	Plain-winged Woodcreeper	Dendrocincla turdina	?
109	Planalto Woodcreeper	Dendrocolaptes platyrostris	?
110	White-throated Woodcreeper	Xiphocolaptes albicollis	?
111	Lesser Woodcreeper	Xiphorhynchus fuscus	?
112	Black-billed Scythebill	Campylorhamphus falcularius	?
113	Scaled Woodcreeper	Lepidocolaptes squamatus	?
114	Atlantic Plain-Xenops	Xenops minutus	?
115	Streaked Xenops	Xenops rutilans	?
116	Wing-banded Hornero	Furnarius figulus	?
117	Rufous Hornero	Furnarius rufus	?
118	Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper	Lochmias nematura	?
119	Sharp-billed Treehunter	Heliobletus contaminatus	?
120	White-browed Foliage-gleaner	Anabacerthia amaurotis	?
121	Buff-browed Foliage-gleaner	Syndactyla rufosuperciliata	FC
122	Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner	Dendroma rufum	?
123	White-eyed Foliage-gleaner	Automolus leucophthalmus	?
124	Rufous-fronted Thornbird	Phacellodomus rufifrons	?
125	Orange-eyed Thornbird	Phacellodomus erythrophthalmus	UC
126	Itatiaia Spinetail	Asthenes moreirae	?
127	Pallid Spinetail	Cranioleuca pallida	?
128	Rufous-capped Spinetail	Synallaxis ruficapilla	?
129	Gray-bellied Spinetail	Synallaxis cinerascens	?
130	Spix's Spinetail	Synallaxis spixi	?
Manakins: Pipridae
131	Serra do Mar Tyrant-Manakin	Protopelma chrysolophum	?
132	Swallow-tailed Manakin	Chiroxiphia caudata	?
133	Pin-tailed Manakin	Ilicura militaris	?
134	White-bearded Manakin	Manacus manacus	?
Cotingas: Cotingidae
135	Hooded Berryeater	Carpornis cucullata	?
136	Swallow-tailed Cotinga	Phibalura flavirostris	?
137	Black-and-gold Cotinga	Lipaugus atra	UC
138	Gray-winged Cotinga	Lipaugus condita	R
139	Bare-throated Bellbird	Procnias nudicollis	?
Tityras and Allies: Tityridae
140	Black-tailed Tityra	Tityra cayana	?
141	Greenish Schiffornis	Schiffornis virescens	?
142	Chestnut-crowned Becard	Pachyramphus castaneus	?
143	White-winged Becard	Pachyramphus polychopterus	?
144	Black-capped Becard	Pachyramphus marginatus	?
Sharpbill: Oxyruncidae
145	Sharpbill	Oxyruncus cristatus	?
Tyrant Flycatchers: Tyrannidae
146	White-throated Spadebill	Platyrinchus mystaceus	?
147	Gray-hooded Flycatcher	Mionectes rufiventris	?
148	Sepia-capped Flycatcher	Leptopogon amaurocephalus	?
149	Mottle-cheeked Tyrannulet	Phylloscartes ventralis	UC
150	Serra do Mar Bristle-Tyrant	Pogonotriccus difficilis	FC
151	Eared Pygmy-Tyrant	Myiornis auricularis	?
152	Ochre-faced Tody-Flycatcher	Poecilotriccus plumbeiceps	UC
153	Gray-headed Tody-Flycatcher	Todirostrum poliocephalum	?
154	Yellow-olive Flatbill	Tolmomyias sulphurescens	?
155	Cliff Flycatcher	Hirundinea ferruginea	?
156	Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet	Camptostoma obsoletum	?
157	Mouse-colored Tyrannulet	Nesotriccus murinus	?
158	Gray-backed Tachuri	Polystictus superciliaris	?
159	Gray-headed Elaenia	Myiopagis caniceps	?
160	Yellow-bellied Elaenia	Elaenia flavogaster	?
161	Olivaceous Elaenia	Elaenia mesoleuca	?
162	Small-headed Elaenia	Elaenia sordida	?
163	White-crested Tyrannulet	Serpophaga subcristata	?
164	&Greenish Tyrannuletl	Phyllomyias virescens	UC
165	Planalto Tyrannulet	Phyllomyias fasciatus	?
166	Gray-capped Tyrannulet	Phyllomyias griseocapilla	?
167	Rough-legged Tyrannulet	Acrochordopus burmeisteri	UC
168	Bran-colored Flycatcher	Myiophobus fasciatus	?
169	Euler's Flycatcher	Lathrotriccus euleri	?
170	Velvety Black-Tyrant	Knipolegus nigerrimus	?
171	Blue-billed Black-Tyrant	Knipolegus cyanirostris	UC
172	White-headed Marsh Tyrant	Arundinicola leucocephala	?
173	Masked Water-Tyrant	Fluvicola nengeta	?
174	Shear-tailed Gray Tyrant	Muscipipra vetula	UC
175	Long-tailed Tyrant	Colonia colonus	?
176	Gray-hooded Attila	Attila rufus	?
177	Swainson's Flycatcher	Myiarchus swainsoni	?
178	Short-crested Flycatcher	Myiarchus ferox	?
179	Cattle Tyrant	Machetornis rixosa	?
180	Great Kiskadee	Pitangus sulphuratus	?
181	Boat-billed Flycatcher	Megarynchus pitangua	?
182	Rusty-margined Flycatcher	Myiozetetes cayanensis	?
183	Social Flycatcher	Myiozetetes similis	?
184	Streaked Flycatcher	Myiodynastes maculatus	?
185	Piratic Flycatcher	Legatus leucophaius	?
186	Variegated Flycatcher	Empidonomus varius	?
187	Tropical Kingbird	Tyrannus melancholicus	?
Vireos, Shrike-Babblers, and Erpornis: Vireonidae
188	Rufous-browed Peppershrike	Cyclarhis gujanensis	?
189	Rufous-crowned Greenlet	Hylophilus poicilotis	?
190	Gray-eyed Greenlet	Hylophilus amaurocephalus	?
191	Lemon-chested Greenlet	Hylophilus thoracicus	FC
192	Chivi Vireo	Vireo chiri	?
Crows, Jays, and Magpies: Corvidae
193	Curl-crested Jay	Cyanocorax cristatellus	?
Swallows: Hirundinidae
194	Brown-chested Martin	Progne tapera	?
195	Southern Rough-winged Swallow	Stelgidopteryx ruficollis	?
196	White-thighed Swallow	Atticora tibialis	?
197	Blue-and-white Swallow	Pygochelidon cyanoleuca	C
Wrens: Troglodytidae
198	Southern House Wren	Troglodytes musculus	?
Mockingbirds and Thrashers: Mimidae
199	Chalk-browed Mockingbird	Mimus saturninus	?
Thrushes and Allies: Turdidae
200	Creamy-bellied Thrush	Turdus amaurochalinus	?
201	Yellow-legged Thrush	Turdus flavipes	FC
202	White-necked Thrush	Turdus albicollis	?
203	Pale-breasted Thrush	Turdus leucomelas	C
204	Rufous-bellied Thrush	Turdus rufiventris	?
Old World Sparrows: Passeridae
205	House Sparrow	Passer domesticus	?
Finches, Euphonias, and Allies: Fringillidae
206	Blue-naped Chlorophonia	Chlorophonia cyanea	?
207	Purple-throated Euphonia	Euphonia chlorotica	?
208	Violaceous Euphonia	Euphonia violacea	?
209	Orange-bellied Euphonia	Euphonia xanthogaster	?
210	Chestnut-bellied Euphonia	Euphonia pectoralis	?
211	Hooded Siskin	Spinus magellanicus	?
New World Sparrows: Passerellidae
212	Half-collared Sparrow	Arremon semitorquatus	?
213	Rufous-collared Sparrow	Zonotrichia capensis	?
Troupials and Allies: Icteridae
214	Crested Oropendola	Psarocolius decumanus	?
215	Red-rumped Cacique	Cacicus haemorrhous	?
216	Shiny Cowbird	Molothrus bonariensis	?
New World Warblers: Parulidae
217	Southern Yellowthroat	Geothlypis velata	?
218	Tropical Parula	Setophaga pitiayumi	FC
219	Golden-crowned Warbler	Basileuterus culicivorus	?
220	White-browed Warbler	Myiothlypis leucoblephara	?
Cardinals and Allies: Cardinalidae
221	Hepatic Tanager	Piranga flava	?
222	Yellow-green Grosbeak	Caryothraustes canadensis	?
Tanagers and Allies: Thraupidae
223	Brown Tanager	Orchesticus abeillei	?
224	Cinnamon Tanager	Schistochlamys ruficapillus	?
225	Magpie Tanager	Cissopis leverianus	?
226	Chestnut-headed Tanager	Thlypopsis pyrrhocoma	?
227	Black-goggled Tanager	Trichothraupis melanops	?
228	Flame-crested Tanager	Loriotus cristatus	?
229	Ruby-crowned Tanager	Tachyphonus coronatus	?
230	Brazilian Tanager	Ramphocelus bresilius	?
231	Diademed Tanager	Stephanophorus diadematus	?
232	Fawn-breasted Tanager	Pipraeidea melanonota	?
233	Sayaca Tanager	Thraupis sayaca	?
234	Azure-shouldered Tanager	Thraupis cyanoptera	?
235	Golden-chevroned Tanager	Thraupis ornata	?
236	Palm Tanager	Thraupis palmarum	?
237	Burnished-buff Tanager	Stilpnia cayana	?
238	White-bellied Tanager	Tangara brasiliensis	?
239	Green-headed Tanager	Tangara seledon	?
240	Red-necked Tanager	Tangara cyanocephala	?
241	Brassy-breasted Tanager	Tangara desmaresti	?
242	Gilt-edged Tanager	Tangara cyanoventris	?
243	Swallow Tanager	Tersina viridis	?
244	Blue Dacnis	Dacnis cayana	?
245	Green Honeycreeper	Chlorophanes spiza	?
246	Yellow-backed Tanager	Hemithraupis flavicollis	?
247	Chestnut-vented Conebill	Conirostrum speciosum	?
248	Uniform Finch	Haplospiza unicolor	?
249	Bay-chested Warbling Finch	Castanozoster thoracica	?
250	Saffron Finch	Sicalis flaveola	?
251	White-bellied Seedeater	Sporophila leucoptera	?
252	Double-collared Seedeater	Sporophila caerulescens	?
253	Buffy-fronted Seedeater	Sporophila frontalis	?
254	Bananaquit	Coereba flaveola	?
255	Buff-throated Saltator	Saltator maximus	?
256	Green-winged Saltator	Saltator similis	?
257	Thick-billed Saltator	Saltator maxillosus	?

*Nomenclature and taxonomic affinities are based on Clements 6th Edition published 2007 with updates through 2021 maintained by the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, which relies largely on the AOU and SACC nomenclature committees. IUCN status may reflect splits not currently recognized by Clements.
**Species not accepted by Clements, AOU, or SACC that we recognize based on the IOC, field observations along with geographical separation, consensus opinions of field guide authors, and other sources. These species are potential splits in future Clements updates.

OTHER LOCALES

PRESENCE CODES

Code	Description	##
//	Boreal Visitor	0
\\	Austral Visitor	0
\|\|	Transient	0
##	Non-breeding Dispersal	0
<>	Erratic/Irregular	0
()	Breeding Season Only	0
{}	Casual/Vagrant	0
[]	Accidental	0

OCCURRENCE CODES

Code	Description	##
A	Abundant/Very Common	0
C	Common	4
FC	Fairly/Locally Common	9
UC	Uncommon/Scarce	11
R	Rare/Very Scarce	1
VR	Very Rare	0
X	Accidental/Vagrant	0
?	Uncertain	231

STATUS CODES

Code	Description	##
NT	Near Threatened	10
V	Vulnerable	3
EN	Endangered	1
CR	Critically Endangered	0

Species counts in code tables depend on completeness of the data. For some countries or locales, data may not include all species or information on species presence may be incomplete.