PICO CALEDONIA
BRAZIL
LOCALE
| Altitude (m): | 1900-2200 |
| # Species: | 257 |
| # Excl Vagrants: | 257 |
| # Endemics: | 36 |
| # Near Endemics: | 5 |
| Habitat: High elevation forest, scrub | |
BIRD CHECKLIST
The table below lists species recorded at this locale but does not indicate frequency of occurrence there. It does indicate whether each species is globally threatened or endangered according to the IUCN and also whether it is migratory, very rare, or accidental in the country. The list is based on available data and may be incomplete.*
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| 1 | Brown Tinamou | Crypturellus obsoletus | ? |
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| 2 | Dusky-legged Guan | Penelope obscura | ? |
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| 3 | Rock Pigeon | Columba livia | ? |
| 4 | Pale-vented Pigeon | Patagioenas cayennensis | ? |
| 5 | Picazuro Pigeon | Patagioenas picazuro | C |
| 6 | Plumbeous Pigeon | Patagioenas plumbea | UC |
| 7 | Ruddy Ground Dove | Columbina talpacoti | ? |
| 8 | White-tipped Dove | Leptotila verreauxi | C |
| 9 | Gray-fronted Dove | Leptotila rufaxilla | ? |
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| 10 | Guira Cuckoo | Guira guira | ? |
| 11 | Smooth-billed Ani | Crotophaga ani | ? |
| 12 | Common Squirrel-Cuckoo | Piaya cayana | ? |
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| 13 | Common Pauraque | Nyctidromus albicollis | ? |
| 14 | Long-trained Nightjar | Macropsalis forcipata | ? |
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| 15 | Common Potoo | Nyctibius griseus | ? |
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| 16 | White-collared Swift | Streptoprocne zonaris | ? |
| 17 | Biscutate Swift | Streptoprocne biscutata | ? |
| 18 | Sick's Swift | Chaetura meridionalis | ? |
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| 19 | Black Jacobin | Florisuga fusca | ? |
| 20 | Saw-billed Hermit | Ramphodon naevius | ? |
| 21 | Planalto Hermit | Phaethornis pretrei | ? |
| 22 | Scale-throated Hermit | Phaethornis eurynome | ? |
| 23 | Brazilian Ruby | Heliodoxa rubricauda | ? |
| 24 | Amethyst Woodstar | Calliphlox amethystina | ? |
| 25 | Glittering-bellied Emerald | Chlorostilbon lucidus | ? |
| 26 | Green-crowned Plovercrest | Stephanoxis lalandi | ? |
| 27 | Violet-capped Woodnymph | Thalurania glaucopis | ? |
| 28 | Swallow-tailed Hummingbird | Eupetomena macroura | ? |
| 29 | Sombre Hummingbird | Eupetomena cirrochloris | ? |
| 30 | Versicolored Emerald | Chrysuronia versicolor | ? |
| 31 | White-throated Hummingbird | Leucochloris albicollis | ? |
| 32 | Glittering-throated Emerald | Chionomesa fimbriata | ? |
| 33 | Sapphire-spangled Emerald | Chionomesa lactea | ? |
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| 34 | Slaty-breasted Wood-Rail | Aramides saracura | ? |
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| 35 | Southern Lapwing | Vanellus chilensis | ? |
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| 36 | Rufescent Tiger-Heron | Tigrisoma lineatum | ? |
| 37 | Whistling Heron | Syrigma sibilatrix | ? |
| 38 | Western Cattle-Egret | Bubulcus ibis | ? |
| 39 | Great Egret | Ardea alba | ? |
| 40 | Cocoi Heron | Ardea cocoi | ? |
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| 41 | Black Vulture | Coragyps atratus | ? |
| 42 | Turkey Vulture | Cathartes aura | ? |
| 43 | Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture | Cathartes burrovianus | ? |
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| 44 | Swallow-tailed Kite | Elanoides forficatus | ? |
| 45 | Black Hawk-Eagle | Spizaetus tyrannus | ? |
| 46 | Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle | Spizaetus melanoleucus | ? |
| 47 | Sharp-shinned Hawk | Accipiter striatus | ? |
| 48 | Savanna Hawk | Buteogallus meridionalis | ? |
| 49 | Chaco Eagle | Buteogallus coronatus | ? |
| 50 | Roadside Hawk | Rupornis magnirostris | ? |
| 51 | White-rumped Hawk | Parabuteo leucorrhous | ? |
| 52 | White-tailed Hawk | Geranoaetus albicaudatus | ? |
| 53 | Short-tailed Hawk | Buteo brachyurus | ? |
| 54 | Zone-tailed Hawk | Buteo albonotatus | ? |
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| 55 | Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl | Glaucidium brasilianum | ? |
| 56 | Burrowing Owl | Athene cunicularia | ? |
| 57 | Rusty-barred Owl | Strix hylophila | ? |
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| 58 | Green-backed Trogon | Trogon viridis | ? |
| 59 | Surucua Trogon | Trogon surrucura | ? |
| 60 | Atlantic Black-throated Trogon | Trogon chrysochloros | ? |
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| 61 | Rufous-capped Motmot | Baryphthengus ruficapillus | ? |
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| 62 | White-eared Puffbird | Nystalus chacuru | ? |
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| 63 | Saffron Toucanet | Pteroglossus bailloni | ? |
| 64 | Channel-billed Toucan | Ramphastos vitellinus | ? |
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| 65 | White-barred Piculet | Picumnus cirratus | ? |
| 66 | White Woodpecker | Melanerpes candidus | ? |
| 67 | Yellow-eared Woodpecker | Veniliornis maculifrons | ? |
| 68 | Lineated Woodpecker | Dryocopus lineatus | ? |
| 69 | Blond-crested Woodpecker | Celeus flavescens | ? |
| 70 | Yellow-throated Woodpecker | Piculus flavigula | ? |
| 71 | White-browed Woodpecker | Piculus aurulentus | ? |
| 72 | Green-barred Woodpecker | Colaptes melanochloros | ? |
| 73 | Campo Flicker | Colaptes campestris | ? |
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| 74 | Red-legged Seriema | Cariama cristata | ? |
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| 75 | Barred Forest-Falcon | Micrastur ruficollis | ? |
| 76 | Crested Caracara | Caracara cheriway | FC |
| 77 | Yellow-headed Caracara | Daptrius chimachima | ? |
| 78 | American Kestrel | Falco sparverius | FC |
| 79 | Aplomado Falcon | Falco femoralis | ? |
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| 80 | Plain Parakeet | Brotogeris tirica | ? |
| 81 | Pileated Parrot | Pionopsitta pileata | ? |
| 82 | Scaly-headed Parrot | Pionus maximiliani | ? |
| 83 | Maroon-bellied Parakeet | Pyrrhura frontalis | ? |
| 84 | White-eyed Parakeet | Psittacara leucophthalmus | FC |
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| 85 | Giant Antshrike | Batara cinerea | UC |
| 86 | Large-tailed Antshrike | Mackenziaena leachii | UC |
| 87 | Tufted Antshrike | Mackenziaena severa | ? |
| 88 | Rufous-capped Antshrike | Thamnophilus ruficapillus | FC |
| 89 | Variable Antshrike | Thamnophilus caerulescens | ? |
| 90 | Spot-breasted Antvireo | Dysithamnus stictothorax | ? |
| 91 | Plain Antvireo | Dysithamnus mentalis | ? |
| 92 | Rufous-backed Antvireo | Dysithamnus xanthopterus | ? |
| 93 | White-flanked Antwren | Myrmotherula axillaris | ? |
| 94 | Rufous-margined Antwren | Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus | ? |
| 95 | Ferruginous Antbird | Drymophila ferruginea | ? |
| 96 | Bertoni's Antbird | Drymophila rubricollis | ? |
| 97 | Rufous-tailed Antbird | Drymophila genei | ? |
| 98 | Ochre-rumped Antbird | Drymophila ochropyga | ? |
| 99 | Dusky-tailed Antbird | Drymophila malura | ? |
| 100 | Streak-capped Antwren | Terenura maculata | ? |
| 101 | White-shouldered Fire-eye | Pyriglena leucoptera | ? |
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| 102 | Black-cheeked Gnateater | Conopophaga melanops | ? |
| 103 | Rufous Gnateater | Conopophaga lineata | ? |
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| 104 | Variegated Antpitta | Grallaria varia | ? |
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| 105 | Mouse-colored Tapaculo | Scytalopus speluncae | ? |
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| 106 | Rufous-tailed Antthrush | Chamaeza ruficauda | ? |
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| 107 | Olivaceous Woodcreeper | Sittasomus griseicapillus | ? |
| 108 | Plain-winged Woodcreeper | Dendrocincla turdina | ? |
| 109 | Planalto Woodcreeper | Dendrocolaptes platyrostris | ? |
| 110 | White-throated Woodcreeper | Xiphocolaptes albicollis | ? |
| 111 | Lesser Woodcreeper | Xiphorhynchus fuscus | ? |
| 112 | Black-billed Scythebill | Campylorhamphus falcularius | ? |
| 113 | Scaled Woodcreeper | Lepidocolaptes squamatus | ? |
| 114 | Atlantic Plain-Xenops | Xenops minutus | ? |
| 115 | Streaked Xenops | Xenops rutilans | ? |
| 116 | Wing-banded Hornero | Furnarius figulus | ? |
| 117 | Rufous Hornero | Furnarius rufus | ? |
| 118 | Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper | Lochmias nematura | ? |
| 119 | Sharp-billed Treehunter | Heliobletus contaminatus | ? |
| 120 | White-browed Foliage-gleaner | Anabacerthia amaurotis | ? |
| 121 | Buff-browed Foliage-gleaner | Syndactyla rufosuperciliata | FC |
| 122 | Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner | Dendroma rufum | ? |
| 123 | White-eyed Foliage-gleaner | Automolus leucophthalmus | ? |
| 124 | Rufous-fronted Thornbird | Phacellodomus rufifrons | ? |
| 125 | Orange-eyed Thornbird | Phacellodomus erythrophthalmus | UC |
| 126 | Itatiaia Spinetail | Asthenes moreirae | ? |
| 127 | Pallid Spinetail | Cranioleuca pallida | ? |
| 128 | Rufous-capped Spinetail | Synallaxis ruficapilla | ? |
| 129 | Gray-bellied Spinetail | Synallaxis cinerascens | ? |
| 130 | Spix's Spinetail | Synallaxis spixi | ? |
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| 131 | Serra do Mar Tyrant-Manakin | Protopelma chrysolophum | ? |
| 132 | Swallow-tailed Manakin | Chiroxiphia caudata | ? |
| 133 | Pin-tailed Manakin | Ilicura militaris | ? |
| 134 | White-bearded Manakin | Manacus manacus | ? |
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| 135 | Hooded Berryeater | Carpornis cucullata | ? |
| 136 | Swallow-tailed Cotinga | Phibalura flavirostris | ? |
| 137 | Black-and-gold Cotinga | Lipaugus atra | UC |
| 138 | Gray-winged Cotinga | Lipaugus condita | R |
| 139 | Bare-throated Bellbird | Procnias nudicollis | ? |
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| 140 | Black-tailed Tityra | Tityra cayana | ? |
| 141 | Greenish Schiffornis | Schiffornis virescens | ? |
| 142 | Chestnut-crowned Becard | Pachyramphus castaneus | ? |
| 143 | White-winged Becard | Pachyramphus polychopterus | ? |
| 144 | Black-capped Becard | Pachyramphus marginatus | ? |
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| 145 | Sharpbill | Oxyruncus cristatus | ? |
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| 146 | White-throated Spadebill | Platyrinchus mystaceus | ? |
| 147 | Gray-hooded Flycatcher | Mionectes rufiventris | ? |
| 148 | Sepia-capped Flycatcher | Leptopogon amaurocephalus | ? |
| 149 | Mottle-cheeked Tyrannulet | Phylloscartes ventralis | UC |
| 150 | Serra do Mar Bristle-Tyrant | Pogonotriccus difficilis | FC |
| 151 | Eared Pygmy-Tyrant | Myiornis auricularis | ? |
| 152 | Ochre-faced Tody-Flycatcher | Poecilotriccus plumbeiceps | UC |
| 153 | Gray-headed Tody-Flycatcher | Todirostrum poliocephalum | ? |
| 154 | Yellow-olive Flatbill | Tolmomyias sulphurescens | ? |
| 155 | Cliff Flycatcher | Hirundinea ferruginea | ? |
| 156 | Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet | Camptostoma obsoletum | ? |
| 157 | Mouse-colored Tyrannulet | Nesotriccus murinus | ? |
| 158 | Gray-backed Tachuri | Polystictus superciliaris | ? |
| 159 | Gray-headed Elaenia | Myiopagis caniceps | ? |
| 160 | Yellow-bellied Elaenia | Elaenia flavogaster | ? |
| 161 | Olivaceous Elaenia | Elaenia mesoleuca | ? |
| 162 | Small-headed Elaenia | Elaenia sordida | ? |
| 163 | White-crested Tyrannulet | Serpophaga subcristata | ? |
| 164 | <Greenish Tyrannulet> | Phyllomyias virescens | UC |
| 165 | Planalto Tyrannulet | Phyllomyias fasciatus | ? |
| 166 | Gray-capped Tyrannulet | Phyllomyias griseocapilla | ? |
| 167 | Rough-legged Tyrannulet | Acrochordopus burmeisteri | UC |
| 168 | Bran-colored Flycatcher | Myiophobus fasciatus | ? |
| 169 | Euler's Flycatcher | Lathrotriccus euleri | ? |
| 170 | Velvety Black-Tyrant | Knipolegus nigerrimus | ? |
| 171 | Blue-billed Black-Tyrant | Knipolegus cyanirostris | UC |
| 172 | White-headed Marsh Tyrant | Arundinicola leucocephala | ? |
| 173 | Masked Water-Tyrant | Fluvicola nengeta | ? |
| 174 | Shear-tailed Gray Tyrant | Muscipipra vetula | UC |
| 175 | Long-tailed Tyrant | Colonia colonus | ? |
| 176 | Gray-hooded Attila | Attila rufus | ? |
| 177 | Swainson's Flycatcher | Myiarchus swainsoni | ? |
| 178 | Short-crested Flycatcher | Myiarchus ferox | ? |
| 179 | Cattle Tyrant | Machetornis rixosa | ? |
| 180 | Great Kiskadee | Pitangus sulphuratus | ? |
| 181 | Boat-billed Flycatcher | Megarynchus pitangua | ? |
| 182 | Rusty-margined Flycatcher | Myiozetetes cayanensis | ? |
| 183 | Social Flycatcher | Myiozetetes similis | ? |
| 184 | Streaked Flycatcher | Myiodynastes maculatus | ? |
| 185 | Piratic Flycatcher | Legatus leucophaius | ? |
| 186 | Variegated Flycatcher | Empidonomus varius | ? |
| 187 | Tropical Kingbird | Tyrannus melancholicus | ? |
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| 188 | Rufous-browed Peppershrike | Cyclarhis gujanensis | ? |
| 189 | Rufous-crowned Greenlet | Hylophilus poicilotis | ? |
| 190 | Gray-eyed Greenlet | Hylophilus amaurocephalus | ? |
| 191 | Lemon-chested Greenlet | Hylophilus thoracicus | FC |
| 192 | Chivi Vireo | Vireo chiri | ? |
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| 193 | Curl-crested Jay | Cyanocorax cristatellus | ? |
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| 194 | Brown-chested Martin | Progne tapera | ? |
| 195 | Southern Rough-winged Swallow | Stelgidopteryx ruficollis | ? |
| 196 | White-thighed Swallow | Atticora tibialis | ? |
| 197 | Blue-and-white Swallow | Pygochelidon cyanoleuca | C |
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| 198 | Southern House Wren | Troglodytes musculus | ? |
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| 199 | Chalk-browed Mockingbird | Mimus saturninus | ? |
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| 200 | Creamy-bellied Thrush | Turdus amaurochalinus | ? |
| 201 | Yellow-legged Thrush | Turdus flavipes | FC |
| 202 | White-necked Thrush | Turdus albicollis | ? |
| 203 | Pale-breasted Thrush | Turdus leucomelas | C |
| 204 | Rufous-bellied Thrush | Turdus rufiventris | ? |
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| 205 | House Sparrow | Passer domesticus | ? |
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| 206 | Blue-naped Chlorophonia | Chlorophonia cyanea | ? |
| 207 | Purple-throated Euphonia | Euphonia chlorotica | ? |
| 208 | Violaceous Euphonia | Euphonia violacea | ? |
| 209 | Orange-bellied Euphonia | Euphonia xanthogaster | ? |
| 210 | Chestnut-bellied Euphonia | Euphonia pectoralis | ? |
| 211 | Hooded Siskin | Spinus magellanicus | ? |
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| 212 | Half-collared Sparrow | Arremon semitorquatus | ? |
| 213 | Rufous-collared Sparrow | Zonotrichia capensis | ? |
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| 214 | Crested Oropendola | Psarocolius decumanus | ? |
| 215 | Red-rumped Cacique | Cacicus haemorrhous | ? |
| 216 | Shiny Cowbird | Molothrus bonariensis | ? |
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| 217 | Southern Yellowthroat | Geothlypis velata | ? |
| 218 | Tropical Parula | Setophaga pitiayumi | FC |
| 219 | Golden-crowned Warbler | Basileuterus culicivorus | ? |
| 220 | White-browed Warbler | Myiothlypis leucoblephara | ? |
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| 221 | Hepatic Tanager | Piranga flava | ? |
| 222 | Yellow-green Grosbeak | Caryothraustes canadensis | ? |
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| 223 | Brown Tanager | Orchesticus abeillei | ? |
| 224 | Cinnamon Tanager | Schistochlamys ruficapillus | ? |
| 225 | Magpie Tanager | Cissopis leverianus | ? |
| 226 | Chestnut-headed Tanager | Thlypopsis pyrrhocoma | ? |
| 227 | Black-goggled Tanager | Trichothraupis melanops | ? |
| 228 | Flame-crested Tanager | Loriotus cristatus | ? |
| 229 | Ruby-crowned Tanager | Tachyphonus coronatus | ? |
| 230 | Brazilian Tanager | Ramphocelus bresilius | ? |
| 231 | Diademed Tanager | Stephanophorus diadematus | ? |
| 232 | Fawn-breasted Tanager | Pipraeidea melanonota | ? |
| 233 | Sayaca Tanager | Thraupis sayaca | ? |
| 234 | Azure-shouldered Tanager | Thraupis cyanoptera | ? |
| 235 | Golden-chevroned Tanager | Thraupis ornata | ? |
| 236 | Palm Tanager | Thraupis palmarum | ? |
| 237 | Burnished-buff Tanager | Stilpnia cayana | ? |
| 238 | White-bellied Tanager | Tangara brasiliensis | ? |
| 239 | Green-headed Tanager | Tangara seledon | ? |
| 240 | Red-necked Tanager | Tangara cyanocephala | ? |
| 241 | Brassy-breasted Tanager | Tangara desmaresti | ? |
| 242 | Gilt-edged Tanager | Tangara cyanoventris | ? |
| 243 | Swallow Tanager | Tersina viridis | ? |
| 244 | Blue Dacnis | Dacnis cayana | ? |
| 245 | Green Honeycreeper | Chlorophanes spiza | ? |
| 246 | Yellow-backed Tanager | Hemithraupis flavicollis | ? |
| 247 | Chestnut-vented Conebill | Conirostrum speciosum | ? |
| 248 | Uniform Finch | Haplospiza unicolor | ? |
| 249 | Bay-chested Warbling Finch | Castanozoster thoracica | ? |
| 250 | Saffron Finch | Sicalis flaveola | ? |
| 251 | White-bellied Seedeater | Sporophila leucoptera | ? |
| 252 | Double-collared Seedeater | Sporophila caerulescens | ? |
| 253 | Buffy-fronted Seedeater | Sporophila frontalis | ? |
| 254 | Bananaquit | Coereba flaveola | ? |
| 255 | Buff-throated Saltator | Saltator maximus | ? |
| 256 | Green-winged Saltator | Saltator similis | ? |
| 257 | Thick-billed Saltator | Saltator maxillosus | ? |
*Nomenclature and taxonomic affinities are based on Clements 6th Edition published 2007 with updates through 2021 maintained by the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, which relies largely on the AOU and SACC nomenclature committees. IUCN status may reflect splits not currently recognized by Clements.
**Species not accepted by Clements, AOU, or SACC that we recognize based on the IOC, field observations along with geographical separation, consensus opinions of field guide authors, and other sources. These species are potential splits in future Clements updates.
OTHER LOCALES
PRESENCE CODES
| Code | Description | ## |
| // | Boreal Visitor | 0 |
| \\ | Austral Visitor | 0 |
| || | Transient | 0 |
| ## | Non-breeding Dispersal | 0 |
| <> | Erratic/Irregular | 0 |
| () | Breeding Season Only | 0 |
| {} | Casual/Vagrant | 0 |
| [] | Accidental | 0 |
OCCURRENCE CODES
| Code | Description | ## |
| A | Abundant/Very Common | 0 |
| C | Common | 4 |
| FC | Fairly/Locally Common | 9 |
| UC | Uncommon/Scarce | 11 |
| R | Rare/Very Scarce | 1 |
| VR | Very Rare | 0 |
| X | Accidental/Vagrant | 0 |
| ? | No data | 231 |
STATUS CODES
| Code | Description | ## |
| NT | Near Threatened | 10 |
| V | Vulnerable | 3 |
| EN | Endangered | 1 |
| CR | Critically Endangered | 0 |
Species counts in code tables depend on completeness of the data. For some countries or locales, data may not include all species or information on species presence may be incomplete.
Other Locales