TALAMANCA HIGHLANDS

# Species*:	127
# Excl Vagrants*:	127
# Endemics*:	1
# Near Endemics*:	41
*Based on partial or incomplete data.
Habitat: Cloud forest, paramo

SPECIALTY BIRDS LIST

List of species at this locale that are endemic (E), near endemic (NE), have restricted ranges in the country (RR), or that occur only locally (LC) in the country excluding vagrants and accidentals. Table also shows species with globally threatened or endangered status according to the IUCN.*

color codes

1	Black Guan	Chamaepetes unicolor	NE
2	Maroon-chested Ground Dove	Paraclaravis mondetoura	LC
3	Buff-fronted Quail-Dove	Zentrygon costaricensis	NE
4	Chiriqui Quail-Dove	Zentrygon chiriquensis	NE
5	Dusky Nightjar	Antrostomus saturatus	NE
6	Black Swift	Cypseloides niger		V
7	Talamanca Hummingbird	Eugenes spectabilis	NE
8	Fiery-throated Hummingbird	Panterpe insignis	NE
9	White-throated Mountain-gem	Lampornis castaneoventris	E
10	Volcano Hummingbird	Selasphorus flammula	NE
11	Scintillant Hummingbird	Selasphorus scintilla	NE
12	White-tailed Emerald	Microchera chionura	NE
13	Stripe-tailed Hummingbird	Eupherusa eximia	RR
14	Ornate Hawk-Eagle	Spizaetus ornatus		NT
15	Costa Rican Pygmy-Owl	Glaucidium costaricanum	NE
16	Striped Owl	Asio clamator	LC
17	Unspotted Saw-whet Owl	Aegolius ridgwayi	RR
18	Resplendent Quetzal	Pharomachrus mocinno		NT
19	Acorn Woodpecker	Melanerpes formicivorus	RR
20	Hairy Woodpecker	Dryobates villosus	RR
21	Red-fronted Parrotlet	Touit costaricensis	NE	NT
22	Sulphur-winged Parakeet	Pyrrhura hoffmanni	NE
23	Silvery-fronted Tapaculo	Scytalopus argentifrons	NE
24	Buffy Tuftedcheek	Pseudocolaptes lawrencii	NE
25	Streak-breasted Treehunter	Thripadectes rufobrunneus	NE
26	Ruddy Treerunner	Margarornis rubiginosus	NE
27	Olive-streaked Flycatcher	Mionectes olivaceus	NE
28	\|Olive-sided Flycatcher\|	Contopus cooperi		NT
29	Ochraceous Pewee	Contopus ochraceus	NE
30	Dark Pewee	Contopus lugubris	NE
31	Black-capped Flycatcher	Empidonax atriceps	NE
32	Yellow-winged Vireo	Vireo carmioli	NE
33	Silvery-throated Jay	Cyanolyca argentigula	NE
34	Ochraceous Wren	Troglodytes ochraceus	NE
35	Timberline Wren	Thryorchilus browni	NE
36	Black-faced Solitaire	Myadestes melanops	NE
37	Black-billed Nightingale-Thrush	Catharus gracilirostris	NE
38	Sooty Thrush	Turdus nigrescens	NE
39	Black-and-yellow Silky-flycatcher	Phainoptila melanoxantha	NE
40	Long-tailed Silky-flycatcher	Ptiliogonys caudatus	NE
41	Golden-browed Chlorophonia	Chlorophonia callophrys	NE
42	<Yellow-bellied Siskin>	Spinus xanthogastrus	RR
43	Sooty-capped Chlorospingus	Chlorospingus pileatus	NE
44	Volcano Junco	Junco vulcani	NE
45	Large-footed Finch	Pezopetes capitalis	NE
46	Yellow-thighed Brushfinch	Atlapetes tibialis	NE
47	/Golden-winged Warbler/	Vermivora chrysoptera		NT
48	Flame-throated Warbler	Oreothlypis gutturalis	NE
49	Black-cheeked Warbler	Basileuterus melanogenys	NE
50	Collared Redstart	Myioborus torquatus	NE
51	Wrenthrush	Zeledonia coronata	NE
52	Blue Seedeater	Amaurospiza concolor	LC
53	Spangle-cheeked Tanager	Tangara dowii	NE
54	Slaty Flowerpiercer	Diglossa plumbea	NE
55	<Slaty Finch>	Haplospiza rustica	RR
56	<Peg-billed Finch>	Acanthidops bairdi	NE

*Nomenclature and taxonomic affinities are based on Clements 6th Edition published 2007 with updates through 2021 maintained by the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, which relies largely on the AOU and SACC nomenclature committees. IUCN status may reflect splits not currently recognized by Clements.
**Species not accepted by Clements, AOU, or SACC that we recognize based on the IOC, field observations along with geographical separation, consensus opinions of field guide authors, and other sources. These species are potential splits in future Clements updates.

OTHER LOCALES

PRESENCE CODES

Code	Description	##
//	Boreal Visitor	8
\\	Austral Visitor	0
\|\|	Transient	3
##	Non-breeding Dispersal	0
<>	Erratic/Irregular	6
()	Breeding Season Only	0
{}	Casual/Vagrant	4
[]	Accidental	5

DISTRIBUTION CODES

Code	Description	##
E	Endemic	11
LC	Local	46
NE	Near Endemic	78
RR	Restricted Range	77

STATUS CODES

Code	Description	##
NT	Near Threatened	5
V	Vulnerable	1
EN	Endangered	0
CR	Critically Endangered	0

Species counts in code tables depend on completeness of the data. For some countries or locales, data may not include all species or information on species presence may be incomplete.