WESTERN LOWLANDS
PANAMA
LOCALE
| # Species*: | 242 |
| # Excl Vagrants*: | 242 |
| # Endemics*: | 1 |
| # Near Endemics*: | 14 |
| *Based on partial or incomplete data. | |
| Habitat: Agricultural, pastures, remnant forests | |
BIRD CHECKLIST
The table below lists species recorded at this locale but does not indicate frequency of occurrence there. It does indicate whether each species is globally threatened or endangered according to the IUCN and also whether it is migratory, very rare, or accidental in the country. The list is based on available data and may be incomplete.*
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| 1 | Little Tinamou | Crypturellus soui | C |
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| 2 | Black-bellied Whistling-Duck | Dendrocygna autumnalis | UC |
| 3 | /Blue-winged Teal/ | Spatula discors | C |
| 4 | /Northern Shoveler/ | Spatula clypeata | R |
| 5 | /American Wigeon/ | Mareca americana | FC |
| 6 | /Lesser Scaup/ | Aythya affinis | FC |
| 7 | <Masked Duck> | Nomonyx dominicus | UC |
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| 8 | Crested Bobwhite | Colinus cristatus | FC |
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| 9 | Rock Pigeon | Columba livia | C |
| 10 | Scaled Pigeon | Patagioenas speciosa | C |
| 11 | Short-billed Pigeon | Patagioenas nigrirostris | C |
| 12 | Plain-breasted Ground Dove | Columbina minuta | C |
| 13 | Ruddy Ground Dove | Columbina talpacoti | A |
| 14 | Blue Ground Dove | Claravis pretiosa | FC |
| 15 | Mourning Dove | Zenaida macroura | FC |
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| 16 | Greater Ani | Crotophaga major | FC |
| 17 | Smooth-billed Ani | Crotophaga ani | C |
| 18 | Groove-billed Ani | Crotophaga sulcirostris | C |
| 19 | Striped Cuckoo | Tapera naevia | FC |
| 20 | Common Squirrel-Cuckoo | Piaya cayana | C |
| 21 | |Gray-capped Cuckoo| | Coccyzus lansbergi | R |
| 22 | Mangrove Cuckoo | Coccyzus minor | R |
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| 23 | Lesser Nighthawk | Chordeiles acutipennis | FC |
| 24 | (Common Nighthawk) | Chordeiles minor | FC |
| 25 | Common Pauraque | Nyctidromus albicollis | C |
| 26 | White-tailed Nightjar | Hydropsalis cayennensis | UC |
| 27 | Rufous Nightjar | Antrostomus rufus | UC |
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| 28 | Great Potoo | Nyctibius grandis | FC |
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| 29 | White-collared Swift | Streptoprocne zonaris | UC |
| 30 | Costa Rican Swift | Chaetura fumosa | FC |
| 31 | Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift | Panyptila cayennensis | FC |
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| 32 | Bronzy Hermit | Glaucis aeneus | UC |
| 33 | Long-billed Hermit | Phaethornis longirostris | C |
| 34 | Stripe-throated Hermit | Phaethornis striigularis | FC |
| 35 | Green-breasted Mango | Anthracothorax prevostii | UC |
| 36 | Veraguan Mango | Anthracothorax veraguensis | ? |
| 37 | <White-crested Coquette> | Lophornis adorabilis | R |
| 38 | Long-billed Starthroat | Heliomaster longirostris | UC |
| 39 | /Ruby-throated Hummingbird/ | Archilochus colubris | VR |
| 40 | Garden Emerald | Chlorostilbon assimilis | FC |
| 41 | Violet-headed Hummingbird | Klais guimeti | R |
| 42 | Bronze-tailed Plumeleteer | Chalybura urochrysia | UC |
| 43 | Scaly-breasted Hummingbird | Phaeochroa cuvierii | UC |
| 44 | Snowy-bellied Hummingbird | Saucerottia edward | C |
| 45 | Rufous-tailed Hummingbird | Amazilia tzacatl | C |
| 46 | Sapphire-throated Hummingbird | Chrysuronia coeruleogularis | FC |
| 47 | Charming Hummingbird | Polyerata decora | FC |
| 48 | Blue-throated Goldentail | Chlorestes eliciae | R |
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| 49 | Paint-billed Crake | Mustelirallus erythrops | VR |
| 50 | Uniform Crake | Amaurolimnas concolor | R |
| 51 | /Sora/ | Porzana carolina | FC |
| 52 | Common Gallinule | Gallinula galeata | C |
| 53 | /American Coot/ | Fulica americana | FC |
| 54 | Purple Gallinule | Porphyrio martinica | C |
| 55 | Yellow-breasted Crake | Laterallus flaviventer | VR |
| 56 | White-throated Crake | Laterallus albigularis | C |
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| 57 | /Killdeer/ | Charadrius vociferus | UC |
| 58 | /Semipalmated Plover/ | Charadrius semipalmatus | C |
| 59 | /Wilson's Plover/ | Anarhynchus wilsonia | FC |
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| 60 | Northern Jacana | Jacana spinosa | C |
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| 61 | /Wilson's Snipe/ | Gallinago delicata | FC |
| 62 | /Lesser Yellowlegs/ | Tringa flavipes | UC |
| 63 | /Greater Yellowlegs/ | Tringa melanoleuca | FC |
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| 64 | Least Grebe | Tachybaptus dominicus | FC |
| 65 | Pied-billed Grebe | Podilymbus podiceps | FC |
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| 66 | Green Ibis | Mesembrinibis cayennensis | R |
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| 67 | Bare-throated Tiger-Heron | Tigrisoma mexicanum | R |
| 68 | Snowy Egret | Egretta thula | FC |
| 69 | Striated Heron | Butorides striata | FC |
| 70 | Great Egret | Ardea alba | C |
| 71 | /Great Blue Heron/ | Ardea herodias | UC |
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| 72 | Black Vulture | Coragyps atratus | A |
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| 73 | /Osprey/ | Pandion haliaetus | FC |
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| 74 | White-tailed Kite | Elanus leucurus | FC |
| 75 | Ornate Hawk-Eagle | Spizaetus ornatus | UC |
| 76 | /Northern Harrier/ | Circus hudsonius | R |
| 77 | Double-toothed Kite | Harpagus bidentatus | R |
| 78 | Savanna Hawk | Buteogallus meridionalis | UC |
| 79 | Roadside Hawk | Rupornis magnirostris | FC |
| 80 | Gray-lined Hawk | Buteo nitidus | UC |
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| 81 | Western Barn Owl | Tyto alba | UC |
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| 82 | Tropical Screech-Owl | Megascops choliba | FC |
| 83 | Least Pygmy-Owl | Glaucidium minutissimum | R |
| 84 | Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl | Glaucidium brasilianum | UC |
| 85 | Black-and-white Owl | Strix nigrolineata | UC |
| 86 | Striped Owl | Asio clamator | UC |
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| 87 | Baird's Trogon | Trogon bairdii | ? |
| 88 | Gartered Violaceous Trogon | Trogon caligatus | FC |
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| 89 | Lesson's Motmot | Momotus lessonii | FC |
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| 90 | Ringed Kingfisher | Megaceryle torquata | FC |
| 91 | /Belted Kingfisher/ | Megaceryle alcyon | UC |
| 92 | Amazon Kingfisher | Chloroceryle amazona | FC |
| 93 | American Pygmy Kingfisher | Chloroceryle aenea | UC |
| 94 | Green Kingfisher | Chloroceryle americana | C |
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| 95 | Pied Puffbird | Notharchus tectus | UC |
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| 96 | Yellow-throated Toucan | Ramphastos ambiguus | ? |
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| 97 | Olivaceous Piculet | Picumnus olivaceus | UC |
| 98 | Golden-naped Woodpecker | Melanerpes chrysauchen | ? |
| 99 | Red-crowned Woodpecker | Melanerpes rubricapillus | C |
| 100 | Lineated Woodpecker | Dryocopus lineatus | FC |
| 101 | Chestnut-colored Woodpecker | Celeus castaneus | ? |
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| 102 | Laughing Falcon | Herpetotheres cachinnans | UC |
| 103 | Crested Caracara | Caracara cheriway | FC |
| 104 | Yellow-headed Caracara | Daptrius chimachima | FC |
| 105 | /American Kestrel/ | Falco sparverius | FC |
| 106 | Merlin | Falco columbarius | UC |
| 107 | Bat Falcon | Falco rufigularis | UC |
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| 108 | Orange-chinned Parakeet | Brotogeris jugularis | A |
| 109 | Brown-hooded Parrot | Pyrilia haematotis | FC |
| 110 | Blue-headed Parrot | Pionus menstruus | UC |
| 111 | White-crowned Parrot | Pionus senilis | UC |
| 112 | Mealy Amazon | Amazona farinosa | FC |
| 113 | Brown-throated Parakeet | Eupsittula pertinax | C |
| 114 | Scarlet Macaw | Ara macao | ? |
| 115 | Crimson-fronted Parakeet | Psittacara finschi | FC |
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| 116 | Great Antshrike | Taraba major | ? |
| 117 | Barred Antshrike | Thamnophilus doliatus | FC |
| 118 | Black-hooded Antshrike | Thamnophilus bridgesi | ? |
| 119 | Russet Antshrike | Thamnistes anabatinus | UC |
| 120 | Dusky Antbird | Cercomacroides tyrannina | C |
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| 121 | Thicket Antpitta | Myrmothera dives | UC |
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| 122 | Scaly-throated Leaftosser | Sclerurus guatemalensis | UC |
| 123 | Tawny-winged Woodcreeper | Dendrocincla anabatina | R |
| 124 | Wedge-billed Woodcreeper | Glyphorynchus spirurus | FC |
| 125 | Brown-billed Scythebill | Campylorhamphus pusillus | R |
| 126 | Streak-headed Woodcreeper | Lepidocolaptes souleyetii | FC |
| 127 | Chiriqui Foliage-gleaner | Automolus exsertus | FC |
| 128 | Pale-breasted Spinetail | Synallaxis albescens | C |
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| 129 | Lance-tailed Manakin | Chiroxiphia lanceolata | FC |
| 130 | Orange-collared Manakin | Manacus aurantiacus | ? |
| 131 | White-crowned Manakin | Pseudopipra pipra | VR |
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| 132 | #Three-wattled Bellbird# | Procnias tricarunculatus | R |
| 133 | Yellow-billed Cotinga | Carpodectes antoniae | VR |
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| 134 | Masked Tityra | Tityra semifasciata | C |
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| 135 | Tropical Royal-Flycatcher | Onychorhynchus coronatus | ? |
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| 136 | Ochre-bellied Flycatcher | Mionectes oleagineus | C |
| 137 | Sepia-capped Flycatcher | Leptopogon amaurocephalus | R |
| 138 | Slaty-capped Flycatcher | Leptopogon superciliaris | FC |
| 139 | Black-capped Pygmy-Tyrant | Myiornis atricapillus | ? |
| 140 | Pale-eyed Pygmy-Tyrant | Atalotriccus pilaris | FC |
| 141 | Slate-headed Tody-Flycatcher | Poecilotriccus sylvia | UC |
| 142 | Common Tody-Flycatcher | Todirostrum cinereum | C |
| 143 | Eye-ringed Flatbill | Rhynchocyclus brevirostris | UC |
| 144 | Yellow-olive Flatbill | Tolmomyias sulphurescens | FC |
| 145 | Mouse-colored Tyrannulet | Nesotriccus murinus | UC |
| 146 | Yellow Tyrannulet | Capsiempis flaveola | FC |
| 147 | Greenish Elaenia | Myiopagis viridicata | UC |
| 148 | Yellow-bellied Elaenia | Elaenia flavogaster | C |
| 149 | Lesser Elaenia | Elaenia chiriquensis | FC |
| 150 | Mistletoe Tyrannulet | Zimmerius parvus | FC |
| 151 | Bran-colored Flycatcher | Myiophobus fasciatus | UC |
| 152 | Northern Tropical Pewee | Contopus bogotensis | FC |
| 153 | |Eastern Wood-Pewee| | Contopus virens | C |
| 154 | |Willow Flycatcher| | Empidonax traillii | FC |
| 155 | Northern Scrub-Flycatcher | Sublegatus arenarum | UC |
| 156 | /Great Crested Flycatcher/ | Myiarchus crinitus | FC |
| 157 | Great Kiskadee | Pitangus sulphuratus | FC |
| 158 | Boat-billed Flycatcher | Megarynchus pitangua | FC |
| 159 | Social Flycatcher | Myiozetetes similis | A |
| 160 | Gray-capped Flycatcher | Myiozetetes granadensis | FC |
| 161 | Streaked Flycatcher | Myiodynastes maculatus | FC |
| 162 | |Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher| | Myiodynastes luteiventris | UC |
| 163 | (Piratic Flycatcher) | Legatus leucophaius | C |
| 164 | Tropical Kingbird | Tyrannus melancholicus | A |
| 165 | |Eastern Kingbird| | Tyrannus tyrannus | C |
| 166 | /Scissor-tailed Flycatcher/ | Tyrannus forficatus | UC |
| 167 | Fork-tailed Flycatcher | Tyrannus savana | C |
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| 168 | Scrub Greenlet | Hylophilus flavipes | FC |
| 169 | Green Shrike-Vireo | Vireolanius pulchellus | VR |
| 170 | /Yellow-throated Vireo/ | Vireo flavifrons | FC |
| 171 | Yellow-green Vireo | Vireo flavoviridis | C |
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| 172 | Black-chested Jay | Cyanocorax affinis | UC |
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| 173 | /Bank Swallow/ | Riparia riparia | FC |
| 174 | Mangrove Swallow | Tachycineta albilinea | FC |
| 175 | Gray-breasted Martin | Progne chalybea | C |
| 176 | \Brown-chested Martin\ | Progne tapera | UC |
| 177 | /Northern Rough-winged Swallow/ | Stelgidopteryx serripennis | UC |
| 178 | Southern Rough-winged Swallow | Stelgidopteryx ruficollis | C |
| 179 | /Barn Swallow/ | Hirundo rustica | A |
| 180 | |Cliff Swallow| | Petrochelidon pyrrhonota | FC |
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| 181 | Long-billed Gnatwren | Ramphocaenus melanurus | FC |
| 182 | White-browed Gnatcatcher | Polioptila bilineata | FC |
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| 183 | Southern House Wren | Troglodytes musculus | C |
| 184 | Black-bellied Wren | Pheugopedius fasciatoventris | FC |
| 185 | Rufous-breasted Wren | Pheugopedius rutilus | FC |
| 186 | Stripe-breasted Wren | Cantorchilus thoracicus | UC |
| 187 | Canebrake Wren | Cantorchilus zeledoni | ? |
| 188 | Isthmian Wren | Cantorchilus elutus | FC |
| 189 | Riverside Wren | Cantorchilus semibadius | UC |
| 190 | White-breasted Wood-Wren | Henicorhina leucosticta | FC |
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| 191 | /Swainson's Thrush/ | Catharus ustulatus | ? |
| 192 | Clay-colored Thrush | Turdus grayi | A |
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| 193 | Yellowish Pipit | Anthus chii | C |
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| 194 | Yellow-crowned Euphonia | Euphonia luteicapilla | FC |
| 195 | Thick-billed Euphonia | Euphonia laniirostris | FC |
| 196 | <Lesser Goldfinch> | Spinus psaltria | FC |
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| 197 | Rosy Thrush-Tanager | Rhodinocichla rosea | UC |
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| 198 | Grasshopper Sparrow | Ammodramus savannarum | UC |
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| 199 | Eastern Meadowlark | Sturnella magna | C |
| 200 | Red-breasted Meadowlark | Leistes militaris | FC |
| 201 | Yellow-billed Cacique | Amblycercus holosericeus | FC |
| 202 | Chestnut-headed Oropendola | Psarocolius wagleri | ? |
| 203 | Black-cowled Oriole | Icterus prosthemelas | ? |
| 204 | /Orchard Oriole/ | Icterus spurius | UC |
| 205 | /Baltimore Oriole/ | Icterus galbula | C |
| 206 | Shiny Cowbird | Molothrus bonariensis | ? |
| 207 | Bronzed Cowbird | Molothrus aeneus | FC |
| 208 | Great-tailed Grackle | Quiscalus mexicanus | R |
| 209 | /Yellow-breasted Chat/ | Icteria virens | ? |
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| 210 | /Northern Waterthrush/ | Parkesia noveboracensis | C |
| 211 | /Prothonotary Warbler/ | Protonotaria citrea | FC |
| 212 | Gray-crowned Yellowthroat | Geothlypis poliocephala | UC |
| 213 | /Hooded Warbler/ | Setophaga citrina | ? |
| 214 | Tropical Parula | Setophaga pitiayumi | UC |
| 215 | Yellow Warbler | Setophaga petechia | C |
| 216 | /Chestnut-sided Warbler/ | Setophaga pensylvanica | ? |
| 217 | |Black-throated Green Warbler| | Setophaga virens | R |
| 218 | Chestnut-capped Warbler | Basileuterus delattrii | FC |
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| 219 | /Summer Tanager/ | Piranga rubra | C |
| 220 | /Rose-breasted Grosbeak/ | Pheucticus ludovicianus | UC |
| 221 | /Blue Grosbeak/ | Passerina caerulea | R |
| 222 | /Indigo Bunting/ | Passerina cyanea | FC |
| 223 | /Painted Bunting/ | Passerina ciris | R |
| 224 | /Dickcissel/ | Spiza americana | UC |
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| 225 | Gray-headed Tanager | Eucometis penicillata | FC |
| 226 | Scarlet-rumped Tanager | Ramphocelus passerinii | C |
| 227 | Crimson-backed Tanager | Ramphocelus dimidiatus | UC |
| 228 | Blue-gray Tanager | Thraupis episcopus | A |
| 229 | Palm Tanager | Thraupis palmarum | C |
| 230 | Golden-hooded Tanager | Stilpnia larvata | FC |
| 231 | Green Honeycreeper | Chlorophanes spiza | FC |
| 232 | Wedge-tailed Grass-Finch | Emberizoides herbicola | UC |
| 233 | Blue-black Grassquit | Volatinia jacarina | A |
| 234 | (Ruddy-breasted Seedeater) | Sporophila minuta | C |
| 235 | Thick-billed Seed-Finch | Sporophila funerea | ? |
| 236 | Chestnut-bellied Seed-Finch | Sporophila angolensis | UC |
| 237 | Variable Seedeater | Sporophila corvina | A |
| 238 | Morelet's Seedeater | Sporophila morelleti | FC |
| 239 | Bananaquit | Coereba flaveola | UC |
| 240 | Yellow-faced Grassquit | Tiaris olivaceus | UC |
| 241 | Buff-throated Saltator | Saltator maximus | ? |
| 242 | Streaked Saltator | Saltator striatipectus | C |
*Nomenclature and taxonomic affinities are based on Clements 6th Edition published 2007 with updates through 2021 maintained by the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, which relies largely on the AOU and SACC nomenclature committees. IUCN status may reflect splits not currently recognized by Clements.
**Species not accepted by Clements, AOU, or SACC that we recognize based on the IOC, field observations along with geographical separation, consensus opinions of field guide authors, and other sources. These species are potential splits in future Clements updates.
OTHER LOCALES
PRESENCE CODES
| Code | Description | ## |
| // | Boreal Visitor | 39 |
| \\ | Austral Visitor | 1 |
| || | Transient | 6 |
| ## | Non-breeding Dispersal | 0 |
| <> | Erratic/Irregular | 3 |
| () | Breeding Season Only | 3 |
| {} | Casual/Vagrant | 1 |
| [] | Accidental | 0 |
OCCURRENCE CODES
| Code | Description | ## |
| A | Abundant/Very Common | 10 |
| C | Common | 46 |
| FC | Fairly/Locally Common | 82 |
| UC | Uncommon/Scarce | 57 |
| R | Rare/Very Scarce | 19 |
| VR | Very Rare | 6 |
| X | Accidental/Vagrant | 0 |
| ? | No data | 21 |
STATUS CODES
| Code | Description | ## |
| NT | Near Threatened | 5 |
| V | Vulnerable | 1 |
| EN | Endangered | 0 |
| CR | Critically Endangered | 0 |
Species counts in code tables depend on completeness of the data. For some countries or locales, data may not include all species or information on species presence may be incomplete.
Other Locales