EAST USAMBARA MOUNTAINS

Altitude (m):	800-2440
# Species*:	225
# Excl Vagrants*:	224
# Endemics*:	8
# Near Endemics*:	13
*Based on partial or incomplete data.

BIRD CHECKLIST

The table below lists species recorded at this locale but does not indicate frequency of occurrence there. It does indicate whether each species is globally threatened or endangered according to the IUCN and also whether it is migratory, very rare, or accidental in the country. The list is based on available data and may be incomplete.*

color codes

Guineafowl: Numididae
1	Helmeted Guineafowl	Numida meleagris	WUM	?
Pheasants, Grouse, and Allies: Phasianidae
2	Hildebrandt's Francolin	Pternistis hildebrandti	WUM	?
Pigeons and Doves: Columbidae
3	Rock Pigeon	Columba livia	WUM	?
4	Rameron Pigeon	Columba arquatrix	WUM	?
5	Delegorgue's Pigeon	Columba delegorguei	EUM,WUM	?
6	Lemon Dove	Columba larvata	EUM,WUM	?
7	Dusky Turtle-Dove	Streptopelia lugens	WUM	?
8	Red-eyed Dove	Streptopelia semitorquata	WUM	?
9	Ring-necked Dove	Streptopelia capicola	WUM	?
10	Emerald-spotted Wood-Dove	Turtur chalcospilos	WUM	?
11	Blue-spotted Wood-Dove	Turtur afer	EUM,WUM	?
12	Tambourine Dove	Turtur tympanistria	EUM,WUM	?
13	African Green-Pigeon	Treron calvus	EUM	?
Turacos: Musophagidae
14	Fischer's Turaco	Tauraco fischeri	EUM	?
15	Hartlaub's Turaco	Tauraco hartlaubi	EUM,WUM	?
Cuckoos: Cuculidae
16	Red-chested Cuckoo	Cuculus solitarius	EUM,WUM	?
17	African Cuckoo	Cuculus gularis	WUM	?
18	White-browed Coucal	Centropus superciliosus	EUM,WUM	?
19	Klaas's Cuckoo	Chrysococcyx klaas	WUM	?
20	Barred Long-tailed Cuckoo	Cercococcyx montanus	EUM,WUM	?
Swifts: Apodidae
21	Mottled Spinetail	Telacanthura ussheri	EUM	?
22	Scarce Swift	Schoutedenapus myoptilus	EUM	?
23	Common Swift	Apus apus	EUM	?
24	African Swift	Apus barbatus	EUM,WUM	?
25	Little Swift	Apus affinis	EUM,WUM	?
26	White-rumped Swift	Apus caffer	WUM	?
27	African Palm-Swift	Cypsiurus parvus	EUM,WUM	?
Sandpipers and Allies: Scolopacidae
28	Common Sandpiper	Actitis hypoleucos	EUM	?
Pratincoles and Coursers: Glareolidae
29	Temminck's Courser	Cursorius temminckii	WUM	?
Cormorants and Shags: Phalacrocoracidae
30	Long-tailed Cormorant	Microcarbo africanus	WUM	?
Hamerkop: Scopidae
31	Hamerkop	Scopus umbretta	WUM	?
Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns: Ardeidae
32	Little Bittern	Ixobrychus minutus	WUM	?
33	Gray Heron	Ardea cinerea	WUM	?
34	Little Egret	Egretta garzetta	WUM	?
35	Cattle Egret	Bubulcus ibis	WUM	?
36	Striated Heron	Butorides striata	EUM	?
Ibises and Spoonbills: Threskiornithidae
37	African Sacred Ibis	Threskiornis aethiopicus	WUM	?
38	Olive Ibis	Bostrychia olivacea	EUM	?
39	Hadada Ibis	Bostrychia hagedash	WUM	?
Hawks, Eagles, and Kites: Accipitridae
40	African Harrier-Hawk	Polyboroides typus	EUM	?
41	Palm-nut Vulture	Gypohierax angolensis	EUM	?
42	European Honey-buzzard	Pernis apivorus	EUM	?
43	African Cuckoo-Hawk	Aviceda cuculoides	EUM	?
44	Bateleur	Terathopius ecaudatus	WUM	?
45	Fasciated Snake-Eagle	Circaetus fasciolatus	EUM,WUM	?
46	Bat Hawk	Macheiramphus alcinus	EUM	?
47	Crowned Eagle	Stephanoaetus coronatus	EUM	?
48	Long-crested Eagle	Lophaetus occipitalis	EUM,WUM	?
49	Wahlberg's Eagle	Hieraaetus wahlbergi	EUM	?
50	Ayres's Hawk-Eagle	Hieraaetus ayresii	EUM,WUM	?
51	Tawny Eagle	Aquila rapax	WUM	?
52	Verreaux's Eagle	Aquila verreauxii	WUM	?
53	African Goshawk	Accipiter tachiro	EUM,WUM	?
54	Shikra	Accipiter badius	WUM	?
55	Little Sparrowhawk	Accipiter minullus	EUM,WUM	?
56	Black Goshawk	Accipiter melanoleucus	EUM,WUM	?
57	Black Kite	Milvus migrans	WUM	?
58	Common Buzzard	Buteo buteo	WUM	?
59	Mountain Buzzard	Buteo oreophilus	EUM,WUM	?
60	Augur Buzzard	Buteo augur	WUM	?
Owls: Strigidae
61	Sokoke Scops-Owl	Otus ireneae	EUM	?
62	Usambara Eagle-Owl	Bubo vosseleri	EUM	?
63	African Wood-Owl	Strix woodfordii	EUM	?
Mousebirds: Coliidae
64	Speckled Mousebird	Colius striatus	EUM,WUM	?
Trogons: Trogonidae
65	Narina Trogon	Apaloderma narina	EUM	?
66	Bar-tailed Trogon	Apaloderma vittatum	EUM,WUM	?
Woodhoopoes and Scimitarbills: Phoeniculidae
67	Green Woodhoopoe	Phoeniculus purpureus	EUM	?
68	Common Scimitarbill	Rhinopomastus cyanomelas	EUM	?
Hornbills: Bucerotidae
69	Silvery-cheeked Hornbill	Bycanistes brevis	EUM,WUM	?
70	Trumpeter Hornbill	Bycanistes bucinator	EUM,WUM	?
Kingfishers: Alcedinidae
71	Half-collared Kingfisher	Alcedo semitorquata	EUM	?
72	African Pygmy-Kingfisher	Ispidina picta	WUM	?
73	Brown-hooded Kingfisher	Halcyon albiventris	EUM,WUM	?
74	Giant Kingfisher	Megaceryle maxima	EUM	?
Bee-eaters: Meropidae
75	Cinnamon-chested Bee-eater	Merops oreobates	WUM	?
African Barbets: Lybiidae
76	Crested Barbet	Trachyphonus vaillantii	WUM	?
77	White-eared Barbet	Stactolaema leucotis	EUM,WUM	?
78	Green Barbet	Stactolaema olivacea	EUM,WUM	?
79	Green Tinkerbird	Pogoniulus simplex	EUM,WUM	?
80	Moustached Tinkerbird	Pogoniulus leucomystax	EUM,WUM	?
81	Yellow-rumped Tinkerbird	Pogoniulus bilineatus	EUM,WUM	?
Honeyguides: Indicatoridae
82	Green-backed Honeyguide	Prodotiscus zambesiae	EUM,WUM	?
83	Pallid Honeyguide	Indicator meliphilus	EUM,WUM	?
84	Scaly-throated Honeyguide	Indicator variegatus	WUM	?
Woodpeckers: Picidae
85	Cardinal Woodpecker	Chloropicus fuscescens	WUM	?
86	Olive Woodpecker	Chloropicus griseocephalus	WUM	?
87	Green-backed Woodpecker	Campethera cailliautii	EUM	?
88	Mombasa Woodpecker	Campethera mombassica	EUM	?
African and Green Broadbill: Calyptomenidae
89	African Broadbill	Smithornis capensis	EUM,WUM	?
Cuckooshrikes: Campephagidae
90	Gray Cuckooshrike	Coracina caesia	EUM,WUM	?
91	Black Cuckooshrike	Campephaga flava	EUM	?
Old World Orioles: Oriolidae
92	Eurasian Golden Oriole	Oriolus oriolus	EUM	?
93	African Golden Oriole	Oriolus auratus	EUM	?
94	Green-headed Oriole	Oriolus chlorocephalus	EUM	?
95	African Black-headed Oriole	Oriolus larvatus	EUM	?
Wattle-eyes and Batises: Platysteiridae
96	Black-throated Wattle-eye	Platysteira peltata	EUM,WUM	?
97	Short-tailed Batis	Batis mixta	EUM,WUM	?
98	Pale Batis	Batis soror	EUM	?
99	Eastern Black-headed Batis	Batis minor	EUM	?
Vangas, Helmetshrikes and Allies: Vangidae
100	Chestnut-fronted Helmetshrike	Prionops scopifrons	EUM	?
101	Black-and-white Shrike-flycatcher	Bias musicus	EUM	?
Bushshrikes: Malaconotidae
102	Black-backed Puffback	Dryoscopus cubla	EUM,WUM	?
103	Tropical Boubou	Laniarius major	EUM,WUM	?
104	Zanzibar Boubou	Laniarius sublacteus	EUM,WUM	?
105	Fuelleborn's Boubou	Laniarius fuelleborni	WUM	?
106	Black-fronted Bushshrike	Telophorus nigrifrons	EUM,WUM	?
107	Gray-headed Bushshrike	Malaconotus blanchoti	WUM	?
Drongos: Dicruridae
108	Common Square-tailed Drongo	Dicrurus ludwigii	EUM,WUM	?
109	Fork-tailed Drongo	Dicrurus adsimilis	EUM,WUM	?
110	Usambara Drongo**	Dicrurus sp.	WUM	?
Monarch Flycatchers: Monarchidae
111	African Crested-Flycatcher	Trochocercus cyanomelas	EUM,WUM	?
112	African Paradise-Flycatcher	Terpsiphone viridis	EUM,WUM	?
Shrikes: Laniidae
113	Long-tailed Fiscal	Lanius cabanisi	EUM	?
114	Northern Fiscal	Lanius humeralis	WUM	?
Crows, Jays, and Magpies: Corvidae
115	Pied Crow	Corvus albus	WUM	?
116	White-necked Raven	Corvus albicollis	EUM,WUM	?
Hyliotas: Hyliotidae
117	Usambara Hyliota	Hyliota usambara	EUM	?
Fairy Flycatchers: Stenostiridae
118	White-tailed Crested-Flycatcher	Elminia albonotata	EUM,WUM	?
Nicators: Nicatoridae
119	Eastern Nicator	Nicator gularis	EUM,WUM	?
African Warblers: Macrosphenidae
120	Kretschmer's Longbill	Macrosphenus kretschmeri	EUM	?
Cisticolas and Allies: Cisticolidae
121	African Tailorbird	Artisornis metopias	WUM	?
122	Long-billed Tailorbird	Artisornis moreaui	EUM	?
123	Green-backed Camaroptera	Camaroptera brachyura	EUM,WUM	?
124	Bar-throated Apalis	Apalis thoracica	WUM	?
125	Black-headed Apalis	Apalis melanocephala	EUM,WUM	?
126	Tawny-flanked Prinia	Prinia subflava	EUM,WUM	?
127	Red-faced Cisticola	Cisticola erythrops	EUM,WUM	?
128	Coastal Cisticola	Cisticola haematocephala	WUM	?
Reed Warblers and Allies: Acrocephalidae
129	African Reed Warbler	Acrocephalus baeticatus	WUM	?
Grassbirds and Allies: Locustellidae
130	Evergreen-forest Warbler	Bradypterus lopezi	EUM,WUM	?
131	Cinnamon Bracken-Warbler	Bradypterus cinnamomeus	WUM	?
Swallows: Hirundinidae
132	Rock Martin	Ptyonoprogne fuligula	EUM,WUM	?
133	Barn Swallow	Hirundo rustica	WUM	?
134	Red-rumped Swallow	Cecropis daurica	WUM	?
135	Lesser Striped Swallow	Cecropis abyssinica	EUM,WUM	?
136	Mosque Swallow	Cecropis senegalensis	WUM	?
137	Black Sawwing	Psalidoprocne pristoptera	EUM,WUM	?
Bulbuls: Pycnonotidae
138	Shelley's Greenbul	Arizelocichla masukuensis	EUM,WUM	?
139	Eastern Mountain Greenbul	Arizelocichla nigriceps	EUM,WUM	?
140	Stripe-cheeked Greenbul	Arizelocichla milanjensis	EUM,WUM	?
141	Little Greenbul	Eurillas virens	EUM	?
142	Placid Greenbul**	Phyllastrephus placidus	WUM	?
143	Terrestrial Brownbul	Phyllastrephus terrestris	WUM	?
144	Northern Brownbul	Phyllastrephus strepitans	EUM,WUM	?
145	Fischer's Greenbul	Phyllastrephus fischeri	EUM,WUM	?
146	Cabanis's Greenbul	Phyllastrephus cabanisi	EUM,WUM	?
147	Yellow-streaked Greenbul	Phyllastrephus flavostriatus	EUM,WUM	?
148	Common Bulbul	Pycnonotus barbatus	EUM,WUM	?
Leaf Warblers: Phylloscopidae
149	Willow Warbler	Phylloscopus trochilus	WUM	?
150	Yellow-throated Woodland-Warbler	Phylloscopus ruficapilla	EUM,WUM	?
Bush Warblers and Allies: Scotocercidae
151	Yellow Flycatcher	Erythrocercus holochlorus	EUM	?
Sylviid Warblers, Parrotbills, and Allies: Sylviidae
152	African Hill Babbler	Sylvia abyssinica	WUM	?
White-eyes, Yuhinas, and Allies: Zosteropidae
153	Pale White-eye	Zosterops abyssinicus	EUM	?
154	Kilimanjaro White-eye	Zosterops eurycricotus	EUM,WUM	?
155	African Yellow White-eye	Zosterops senegalensis	EUM,WUM	?
Fulvetta and Ground Babblers: Pellorneidae
156	Pale-breasted Illadopsis	Illadopsis rufipennis	EUM	?
Laughingthrushes and Allies: Leiothrichidae
157	Scaly Chatterer	Turdoides aylmeri	WUM	?
Starlings: Sturnidae
158	Red-winged Starling	Onychognathus morio	WUM	?
159	Waller's Starling	Onychognathus walleri	EUM,WUM	?
160	Sharpe's Starling	Pholia sharpii	WUM	?
161	Kenrick's Starling	Poeoptera kenricki	EUM,WUM	?
162	Black-bellied Starling	Notopholia corusca	EUM	?
163	Hildebrandt's Starling	Lamprotornis hildebrandti	WUM	?
Thrushes and Allies: Turdidae
164	Red-tailed Ant-Thrush	Neocossyphus rufus	EUM	?
165	Orange Ground-Thrush	Geokichla gurneyi	EUM	?
166	Usambara Thrush	Turdus roehli	EUM,WUM	?
Old World Flycatchers: Muscicapidae
167	African Dusky Flycatcher	Muscicapa adusta	EUM,WUM	?
168	Pale Flycatcher	Agricola pallidus	EUM	?
169	Southern Black-Flycatcher	Melaenornis pammelaina	EUM	?
170	White-eyed Slaty-Flycatcher	Melaenornis fischeri	EUM,WUM	?
171	Red-backed Scrub-Robin	Cercotrichas leucophrys	WUM	?
172	Cape Robin-Chat	Cossypha caffra	WUM	?
173	Rueppell's Robin-Chat	Cossypha semirufa	WUM	?
174	White-browed Robin-Chat	Cossypha heuglini	EUM,WUM	?
175	Red-capped Robin-Chat	Cossypha natalensis	EUM,WUM	?
176	White-starred Robin	Pogonocichla stellata	EUM,WUM	?
177	Swynnerton's Robin	Swynnertonia swynnertoni	EUM	?
178	White-chested Alethe	Chamaetylas fuelleborni	EUM,WUM	?
179	Sharpe's Akalat	Sheppardia sharpei	EUM	?
180	East Coast Akalat	Sheppardia gunningi	EUM	?
181	Usambara Akalat	Sheppardia montana	WUM	?
182	African Stonechat	Saxicola torquatus	EUM,WUM	?
183	Mocking Cliff-Chat	Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris	WUM	?
Sunbirds and Spiderhunters: Nectariniidae
184	Plain-backed Sunbird	Anthreptes reichenowi	EUM	?
185	Uluguru Violet-backed Sunbird	Anthreptes neglectus	EUM	?
186	Banded Sunbird	Anthreptes rubritorques	EUM,WUM	C
187	Collared Sunbird	Hedydipna collaris	EUM,WUM	?
188	Amani Sunbird	Hedydipna pallidigaster	EUM	?
189	Olive Sunbird	Cyanomitra olivacea	EUM,WUM	?
190	Amethyst Sunbird	Chalcomitra amethystina	EUM,WUM	?
191	Scarlet-chested Sunbird	Chalcomitra senegalensis	WUM	?
192	Usambara Double-collared Sunbird	Cinnyris usambaricus	WUM	?
193	Purple-banded Sunbird	Cinnyris bifasciatus	EUM	?
194	Variable Sunbird	Cinnyris venustus	EUM,WUM	?
Weavers and Allies: Ploceidae
195	Baglafecht Weaver	Ploceus baglafecht	EUM,WUM	?
196	Spectacled Weaver	Ploceus ocularis	EUM,WUM	?
197	African Golden-Weaver	Ploceus subaureus	WUM	?
198	Black-headed Weaver	Ploceus melanocephalus	EUM	?
199	Golden-backed Weaver	Ploceus jacksoni	EUM	?
200	Dark-backed Weaver (Forest Weaver)	Ploceus bicolor	EUM,WUM	?
201	Usambara Weaver	Ploceus nicolli	EUM,WUM	?
202	Zanzibar Red Bishop	Euplectes nigroventris	EUM	?
203	Grosbeak Weaver	Amblyospiza albifrons	WUM	?
Waxbills and Allies: Estrildidae
204	Yellow-bellied Waxbill	Coccopygia quartinia	EUM,WUM	?
205	Green-backed Twinspot	Mandingoa nitidula	EUM	?
206	Red-faced Crimsonwing	Cryptospiza reichenovii	EUM,WUM	?
207	Crimson-rumped Waxbill	Estrilda rhodopyga	WUM	?
208	Common Waxbill	Estrilda astrild	EUM,WUM	?
209	Red-headed Bluebill	Spermophaga ruficapilla	EUM	?
210	Peters's Twinspot	Hypargos niveoguttatus	WUM	?
211	African Firefinch	Lagonosticta rubricata	WUM	?
212	Bronze Mannikin	Spermestes cucullata	WUM	?
213	Black-and-white Mannikin	Spermestes bicolor	EUM,WUM	?
214	Magpie Mannikin	Spermestes fringilloides	WUM	R
Indigobirds: Viduidae
215	Pin-tailed Whydah	Vidua macroura	WUM	?
Old World Sparrows: Passeridae
216	Northern Gray-headed Sparrow	Passer griseus	WUM	?
Wagtails and Pipits: Motacillidae
217	Mountain Wagtail	Motacilla clara	EUM,WUM	?
218	Gray Wagtail	Motacilla cinerea	WUM	?
219	Western Yellow Wagtail	Motacilla flava	EUM,WUM	?
220	African Pied Wagtail	Motacilla aguimp	EUM,WUM	?
221	Striped Pipit	Anthus lineiventris	WUM	?
Finches, Euphonias, and Allies: Fringillidae
222	Southern Citril	Crithagra hypostictus	EUM,WUM	?
Thrush-Tanager: Rhodinocichlidae
223	Spot-throat	Modulatrix stictigula	WUM	?
224	Dapple-throat	Arcanator orostruthus	EUM	?
Old World Buntings: Emberizidae
225	Cabanis's Bunting	Emberiza cabanisi	EUM	?

* Nomenclature and taxonomic affinities are based on Clements 6th Edition published 2007 with updates through September 2014 maintained by the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, which relies largely on the AOU and SACC nomenclature committees. IUCN status may reflect splits not currently recognized by Clements.
** Species not accepted by Clements, AOU, or SACC that we recognize based on the IOC, field observations along with geographical separation, consensus opinions of field guide authors, and other sources. These species are potential splits in future Clements updates.

OTHER LOCALES

PRESENCE CODES

//	Boreal Visitor
\\	Austral Visitor
\|\|	Transient
##	Non-breeding Dispersal
<>	Erratic/Irregular
()	Breeding Season Only
{}	Casual/Vagrant
[]	Accidental

OCCURRENCE CODES

A	Abundant/Very Common
C	Common
FC	Fairly/Locally Common
UC	Uncommon/Scarce
R	Rare/Very Scarce
VR	Very Rare
X	Accidental/Vagrant
?	Uncertain

LOCATION CODES

EUM	East Usambara Mountains
WUM	West Usambara Mountains