SALAMANCA NATURAL PARK
COLOMBIA
LOCALE
| Area (SqKm): | 562 |
| # Species: | 315 |
| # Excl Vagrants: | 315 |
| # Endemics: | 6 |
| # Near Endemics: | 17 |
| Species/100 SqKm: | 56.0 |
| Habitat: Tropical Dry Forest, Riparian Forest, Mangroves | |
BIRD CHECKLIST
The table below lists species recorded at this locale but does not indicate frequency of occurrence there. It does indicate whether each species is globally threatened or endangered according to the IUCN and also whether it is migratory, very rare, or accidental in the country. The list is based on available data and may be incomplete.*
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| 1 | Little Tinamou | Crypturellus soui |
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| 2 | Northern Screamer | Chauna chavaria |
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| 3 | White-faced Whistling-Duck | Dendrocygna viduata |
| 4 | Black-bellied Whistling-Duck | Dendrocygna autumnalis |
| 5 | Fulvous Whistling-Duck | Dendrocygna bicolor |
| 6 | Muscovy Duck | Cairina moschata |
| 7 | /Blue-winged Teal/ | Spatula discors |
| 8 | Cinnamon Teal | Spatula cyanoptera |
| 9 | /Northern Shoveler/ | Spatula clypeata |
| 10 | White-cheeked Pintail | Anas bahamensis |
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| 11 | Chestnut-winged Chachalaca | Ortalis garrula |
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| 12 | Crested Bobwhite | Colinus cristatus |
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| 13 | Rock Pigeon | Columba livia |
| 14 | Pale-vented Pigeon | Patagioenas cayennensis |
| 15 | Scaled Pigeon | Patagioenas speciosa |
| 16 | Bare-eyed Pigeon | Patagioenas corensis |
| 17 | Band-tailed Pigeon | Patagioenas fasciata |
| 18 | Common Ground Dove | Columbina passerina |
| 19 | Plain-breasted Ground Dove | Columbina minuta |
| 20 | Ruddy Ground Dove | Columbina talpacoti |
| 21 | Scaled Dove | Columbina squammata |
| 22 | White-tipped Dove | Leptotila verreauxi |
| 23 | Lined Quail-Dove | Zentrygon linearis |
| 24 | Eared Dove | Zenaida auriculata |
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| 25 | Greater Ani | Crotophaga major |
| 26 | Smooth-billed Ani | Crotophaga ani |
| 27 | Groove-billed Ani | Crotophaga sulcirostris |
| 28 | Striped Cuckoo | Tapera naevia |
| 29 | Dwarf Cuckoo | Coccycua pumila |
| 30 | Common Squirrel-Cuckoo | Piaya cayana |
| 31 | Gray-capped Cuckoo | Coccyzus lansbergi |
| 32 | /Yellow-billed Cuckoo/ | Coccyzus americanus |
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| 33 | Lesser Nighthawk | Chordeiles acutipennis |
| 34 | |Common Nighthawk| | Chordeiles minor |
| 35 | Common Pauraque | Nyctidromus albicollis |
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| 36 | White-collared Swift | Streptoprocne zonaris |
| 37 | Gray-rumped Swift | Chaetura cinereiventris |
| 38 | Short-tailed Swift | Chaetura brachyura |
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| 39 | White-necked Jacobin | Florisuga mellivora |
| 40 | Rufous-breasted Hermit | Glaucis hirsutus |
| 41 | Pale-bellied Hermit | Phaethornis anthophilus |
| 42 | Ruby-topaz Hummingbird | Chrysolampis mosquitus |
| 43 | Black-throated Mango | Anthracothorax nigricollis |
| 44 | Long-billed Starthroat | Heliomaster longirostris |
| 45 | Red-billed Emerald | Chlorostilbon gibsoni |
| 46 | White-vented Plumeleteer | Chalybura buffonii |
| 47 | Crowned Woodnymph | Thalurania colombica |
| 48 | Buffy Hummingbird | Leucippus fallax |
| 49 | Steely-vented Hummingbird | Saucerottia saucerottei |
| 50 | Rufous-tailed Hummingbird | Amazilia tzacatl |
| 51 | Shining-green Hummingbird | Chrysuronia goudoti |
| 52 | Sapphire-throated Hummingbird | Chrysuronia coeruleogularis |
| 53 | Sapphire-bellied Hummingbird | Chrysuronia lilliae |
| 54 | Violet-bellied Hummingbird | Chlorestes julie |
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| 55 | Rufous-necked Wood-Rail | Aramides axillaris |
| 56 | Gray-cowled Wood-Rail | Aramides cajaneus |
| 57 | Sora | Porzana carolina |
| 58 | Common Gallinule | Gallinula galeata |
| 59 | Purple Gallinule | Porphyrio martinica |
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| 60 | Limpkin | Aramus guarauna |
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| 61 | Black-necked Stilt | Himantopus mexicanus |
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| 62 | American Oystercatcher | Haematopus palliatus |
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| 63 | /Black-bellied Plover/ | Pluvialis squatarola |
| 64 | /Killdeer/ | Charadrius vociferus |
| 65 | /Semipalmated Plover/ | Charadrius semipalmatus |
| 66 | Southern Lapwing | Vanellus chilensis |
| 67 | Wilson's Plover | Anarhynchus wilsonia |
| 68 | Collared Plover | Anarhynchus collaris |
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| 69 | Wattled Jacana | Jacana jacana |
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| 70 | /Hudsonian Whimbrel/ | Numenius phaeopus |
| 71 | Hudsonian Godwit | Limosa haemastica |
| 72 | /Short-billed Dowitcher/ | Limnodromus griseus |
| 73 | Spotted Sandpiper | Actitis macularius |
| 74 | /Solitary Sandpiper/ | Tringa solitaria |
| 75 | /Lesser Yellowlegs/ | Tringa flavipes |
| 76 | Saltmarsh Willet | Tringa semipalmata |
| 77 | /Prairie Willet/ | Tringa inornata |
| 78 | /Greater Yellowlegs/ | Tringa melanoleuca |
| 79 | /Ruddy Turnstone/ | Arenaria interpres |
| 80 | /Stilt Sandpiper/ | Calidris himantopus |
| 81 | Sanderling | Calidris alba |
| 82 | Least Sandpiper | Calidris minutilla |
| 83 | |Pectoral Sandpiper| | Calidris melanotos |
| 84 | /Western Sandpiper/ | Calidris mauri |
| 85 | /Semipalmated Sandpiper/ | Calidris pusilla |
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| 86 | Pomarine Jaeger | Stercorarius pomarinus |
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| 87 | /Laughing Gull/ | Leucophaeus atricilla |
| 88 | Black Skimmer | Rynchops niger |
| 89 | /Least Tern/ | Sternula antillarum |
| 90 | Yellow-billed Tern | Sternula superciliaris |
| 91 | Large-billed Tern | Phaetusa simplex |
| 92 | |Gull-billed Tern| | Gelochelidon nilotica |
| 93 | /Caspian Tern/ | Hydroprogne caspia |
| 94 | /Black Tern/ | Chlidonias niger |
| 95 | /Common Tern/ | Sterna hirundo |
| 96 | /Sandwich Tern/ | Thalasseus sandvicensis |
| 97 | Royal Tern | Thalasseus maximus |
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| 98 | American Flamingo | Phoenicopterus ruber |
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| 99 | Least Grebe | Tachybaptus dominicus |
| 100 | Pied-billed Grebe | Podilymbus podiceps |
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| 101 | Wood Stork | Mycteria americana |
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| 102 | Magnificent Frigatebird | Fregata magnificens |
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| 103 | Anhinga | Anhinga anhinga |
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| 104 | Neotropic Cormorant | Nannopterum brasilianus |
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| 105 | White Ibis | Eudocimus albus |
| 106 | Glossy Ibis | Plegadis falcinellus |
| 107 | Green Ibis | Mesembrinibis cayennensis |
| 108 | Bare-faced Ibis | Phimosus infuscatus |
| 109 | Roseate Spoonbill | Platalea ajaja |
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| 110 | Rufescent Tiger-Heron | Tigrisoma lineatum |
| 111 | Bare-throated Tiger-Heron | Tigrisoma mexicanum |
| 112 | Fasciated Tiger-Heron | Tigrisoma fasciatum |
| 113 | Boat-billed Heron | Cochlearius cochlearius |
| 114 | Least Bittern | Botaurus exilis |
| 115 | Yellow-crowned Night Heron | Nyctanassa violacea |
| 116 | Black-crowned Night Heron | Nycticorax nycticorax |
| 117 | Little Blue Heron | Egretta caerulea |
| 118 | Tricolored Heron | Egretta tricolor |
| 119 | Reddish Egret | Egretta rufescens |
| 120 | Snowy Egret | Egretta thula |
| 121 | Striated Heron | Butorides striata |
| 122 | Green Heron | Butorides virescens |
| 123 | Western Cattle-Egret | Bubulcus ibis |
| 124 | Great Egret | Ardea alba |
| 125 | /Great Blue Heron/ | Ardea herodias |
| 126 | Cocoi Heron | Ardea cocoi |
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| 127 | Brown Pelican | Pelecanus occidentalis |
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| 128 | King Vulture | Sarcoramphus papa |
| 129 | Black Vulture | Coragyps atratus |
| 130 | Turkey Vulture | Cathartes aura |
| 131 | Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture | Cathartes burrovianus |
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| 132 | /Osprey/ | Pandion haliaetus |
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| 133 | Pearl Kite | Gampsonyx swainsonii |
| 134 | White-tailed Kite | Elanus leucurus |
| 135 | Bicolored Hawk | Astur bicolor |
| 136 | Plumbeous Kite | Ictinia plumbea |
| 137 | Crane Hawk | Geranospiza caerulescens |
| 138 | Black-collared Hawk | Busarellus nigricollis |
| 139 | Snail Kite | Rostrhamus sociabilis |
| 140 | Common Black Hawk | Buteogallus anthracinus |
| 141 | Savanna Hawk | Buteogallus meridionalis |
| 142 | Great Black Hawk | Buteogallus urubitinga |
| 143 | Roadside Hawk | Rupornis magnirostris |
| 144 | Harris's Hawk | Parabuteo unicinctus |
| 145 | Short-tailed Hawk | Buteo brachyurus |
| 146 | Zone-tailed Hawk | Buteo albonotatus |
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| 147 | Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl | Glaucidium brasilianum |
| 148 | Black-and-white Owl | Strix nigrolineata |
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| 149 | Whooping Motmot | Momotus subrufescens |
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| 150 | Ringed Kingfisher | Megaceryle torquata |
| 151 | /Belted Kingfisher/ | Megaceryle alcyon |
| 152 | Amazon Kingfisher | Chloroceryle amazona |
| 153 | American Pygmy Kingfisher | Chloroceryle aenea |
| 154 | Green Kingfisher | Chloroceryle americana |
| 155 | Green-and-rufous Kingfisher | Chloroceryle inda |
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| 156 | Pied Puffbird | Notharchus tectus |
| 157 | Russet-throated Puffbird | Hypnelus ruficollis |
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| 158 | Rufous-tailed Jacamar | Galbula ruficauda |
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| 159 | Keel-billed Toucan | Ramphastos sulfuratus |
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| 160 | Scaled Piculet | Picumnus squamulatus |
| 161 | Chestnut Piculet | Picumnus cinnamomeus |
| 162 | Red-crowned Woodpecker | Melanerpes rubricapillus |
| 163 | Red-rumped Woodpecker | Veniliornis kirkii |
| 164 | Crimson-crested Woodpecker | Campephilus melanoleucos |
| 165 | Lineated Woodpecker | Dryocopus lineatus |
| 166 | Golden-green Woodpecker | Piculus chrysochloros |
| 167 | Golden-olive Woodpecker | Colaptes rubiginosus |
| 168 | Spot-breasted Woodpecker | Colaptes punctigula |
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| 169 | Crested Caracara | Caracara cheriway |
| 170 | Yellow-headed Caracara | Daptrius chimachima |
| 171 | American Kestrel | Falco sparverius |
| 172 | Merlin | Falco columbarius |
| 173 | Bat Falcon | Falco rufigularis |
| 174 | Peregrine Falcon | Falco peregrinus |
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| 175 | Orange-chinned Parakeet | Brotogeris jugularis |
| 176 | Blue-headed Parrot | Pionus menstruus |
| 177 | Orange-winged Amazon | Amazona amazonica |
| 178 | Turquoise-winged Parrotlet | Forpus spengeli |
| 179 | Green-rumped Parrotlet | Forpus passerinus |
| 180 | Brown-throated Parakeet | Eupsittula pertinax |
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| 181 | Black-crested Antshrike | Sakesphorus canadensis |
| 182 | Barred Antshrike | Thamnophilus doliatus |
| 183 | Black-crowned Antshrike | Thamnophilus atrinucha |
| 184 | Black-backed Antshrike | Thamnophilus melanonotus |
| 185 | Northern White-fringed Antwren | Formicivora intermedia |
| 186 | White-bellied Antbird | Myrmeciza longipes |
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| 187 | Cocoa Woodcreeper | Xiphorhynchus susurrans |
| 188 | Straight-billed Woodcreeper | Dendroplex picus |
| 189 | Streak-headed Woodcreeper | Lepidocolaptes souleyetii |
| 190 | Caribbean Hornero | Furnarius longirostris |
| 191 | Yellow-chinned Spinetail | Certhiaxis cinnamomeus |
| 192 | Pale-breasted Spinetail | Synallaxis albescens |
| 193 | White-whiskered Spinetail | Synallaxis candei |
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| 194 | Masked Tityra | Tityra semifasciata |
| 195 | Cinereous Becard | Pachyramphus rufus |
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| 196 | Ochre-bellied Flycatcher | Mionectes oleagineus |
| 197 | Pale-eyed Pygmy-Tyrant | Atalotriccus pilaris |
| 198 | Pearly-vented Tody-Tyrant | Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer |
| 199 | Slate-headed Tody-Flycatcher | Poecilotriccus sylvia |
| 200 | Common Tody-Flycatcher | Todirostrum cinereum |
| 201 | Black-headed Tody-Flycatcher | Todirostrum nigriceps |
| 202 | Yellow-olive Flatbill | Tolmomyias sulphurescens |
| 203 | Yellow-winged Flatbill | Tolmomyias flavotectus |
| 204 | Yellow-margined Flatbill | Tolmomyias assimilis |
| 205 | Ochre-lored Flatbill | Tolmomyias flaviventris |
| 206 | Venezuelan Beardless-Tyrannulet | Camptostoma pusilium |
| 207 | Mouse-colored Tyrannulet | Nesotriccus murinus |
| 208 | Forest Elaenia | Myiopagis gaimardii |
| 209 | Yellow-bellied Elaenia | Elaenia flavogaster |
| 210 | Lesser Elaenia | Elaenia chiriquensis |
| 211 | Sooty-headed Tyrannulet | Phyllomyias griseiceps |
| 212 | Slender-billed Tyrannulet | Inezia tenuirostris |
| 213 | /Western Wood-Pewee/ | Contopus sordidulus |
| 214 | Northern Tropical Pewee | Contopus bogotensis |
| 215 | Eastern Wood-Pewee | Contopus virens |
| 216 | /Willow Flycatcher/ | Empidonax traillii |
| 217 | Northern Scrub-Flycatcher | Sublegatus arenarum |
| 218 | Vermilion Flycatcher | Pyrocephalus rubinus |
| 219 | White-headed Marsh Tyrant | Arundinicola leucocephala |
| 220 | Pied Water-Tyrant | Fluvicola pica |
| 221 | Dusky-capped Flycatcher | Myiarchus tuberculifer |
| 222 | Venezuelan Flycatcher | Myiarchus venezuelensis |
| 223 | Panama Flycatcher | Myiarchus panamensis |
| 224 | /Great Crested Flycatcher/ | Myiarchus crinitus |
| 225 | Brown-crested Flycatcher | Myiarchus tyrannulus |
| 226 | Cattle Tyrant | Machetornis rixosa |
| 227 | Great Kiskadee | Pitangus sulphuratus |
| 228 | Lesser Kiskadee | Philohydor lictor |
| 229 | Boat-billed Flycatcher | Megarynchus pitangua |
| 230 | Rusty-margined Flycatcher | Myiozetetes cayanensis |
| 231 | Social Flycatcher | Myiozetetes similis |
| 232 | Streaked Flycatcher | Myiodynastes maculatus |
| 233 | Piratic Flycatcher | Legatus leucophaius |
| 234 | Tropical Kingbird | Tyrannus melancholicus |
| 235 | |Eastern Kingbird| | Tyrannus tyrannus |
| 236 | Gray Kingbird | Tyrannus dominicensis |
| 237 | Fork-tailed Flycatcher | Tyrannus savana |
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| 238 | Rufous-browed Peppershrike | Cyclarhis gujanensis |
| 239 | Scrub Greenlet | Hylophilus flavipes |
| 240 | Golden-fronted Greenlet | Pachysilvia aurantiifrons |
| 241 | /Yellow-throated Vireo/ | Vireo flavifrons |
| 242 | Red-eyed Vireo | Vireo olivaceus |
| 243 | Chivi Vireo | Vireo chiri |
| 244 | Yellow-green Vireo | Vireo flavoviridis |
| 245 | |Black-whiskered Vireo| | Vireo altiloquus |
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| 246 | Black-chested Jay | Cyanocorax affinis |
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| 247 | White-winged Swallow | Tachycineta albiventer |
| 248 | Gray-breasted Martin | Progne chalybea |
| 249 | Brown-chested Martin | Progne tapera |
| 250 | Southern Rough-winged Swallow | Stelgidopteryx ruficollis |
| 251 | Blue-and-white Swallow | Pygochelidon cyanoleuca |
| 252 | /Barn Swallow/ | Hirundo rustica |
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| 253 | Tropical Gnatcatcher | Polioptila plumbea |
| 254 | White-browed Gnatcatcher | Polioptila bilineata |
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| 255 | Southern House Wren | Troglodytes musculus |
| 256 | Band-backed Wren | Campylorhynchus zonatus |
| 257 | Stripe-backed Wren | Campylorhynchus nuchalis |
| 258 | Bicolored Wren | Campylorhynchus griseus |
| 259 | Rufous-breasted Wren | Pheugopedius rutilus |
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| 260 | Tropical Mockingbird | Mimus gilvus |
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| 261 | |Veery| | Catharus fuscescens |
| 262 | |Gray-cheeked Thrush| | Catharus minimus |
| 263 | /Swainson's Thrush/ | Catharus ustulatus |
| 264 | Pale-breasted Thrush | Turdus leucomelas |
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| 265 | Trinidad Euphonia | Euphonia trinitatis |
| 266 | Thick-billed Euphonia | Euphonia laniirostris |
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| 267 | Black-striped Sparrow | Arremonops conirostris |
| 268 | Sierra Nevada Brushfinch | Arremon basilicus |
| 269 | Golden-winged Sparrow | Arremon schlegeli |
| 270 | Rufous-collared Sparrow | Zonotrichia capensis |
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| 271 | Crested Oropendola | Psarocolius decumanus |
| 272 | Yellow-backed Oriole | Icterus chrysater |
| 273 | Orange-crowned Oriole | Icterus auricapillus |
| 274 | Yellow Oriole | Icterus nigrogularis |
| 275 | /Baltimore Oriole/ | Icterus galbula |
| 276 | Shiny Cowbird | Molothrus bonariensis |
| 277 | Bronze-brown Cowbird** | Molothrus armenti |
| 278 | Giant Cowbird | Molothrus oryzivorus |
| 279 | Great-tailed Grackle | Quiscalus mexicanus |
| 280 | Carib Grackle | Quiscalus lugubris |
| 281 | Yellow-hooded Blackbird | Chrysomus icterocephalus |
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| 282 | /Louisiana Waterthrush/ | Parkesia motacilla |
| 283 | Northern Waterthrush | Parkesia noveboracensis |
| 284 | /Black-and-white Warbler/ | Mniotilta varia |
| 285 | /Prothonotary Warbler/ | Protonotaria citrea |
| 286 | /Tennessee Warbler/ | Leiothlypis peregrina |
| 287 | /American Redstart/ | Setophaga ruticilla |
| 288 | Tropical Parula | Setophaga pitiayumi |
| 289 | /Blackburnian Warbler/ | Setophaga fusca |
| 290 | Yellow Warbler | Setophaga petechia |
| 291 | /Blackpoll Warbler/ | Setophaga striata |
| 292 | Chestnut-capped Warbler | Basileuterus delattrii |
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| 293 | /Summer Tanager/ | Piranga rubra |
| 294 | /Rose-breasted Grosbeak/ | Pheucticus ludovicianus |
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| 295 | Crimson-backed Tanager | Ramphocelus dimidiatus |
| 296 | Blue-gray Tanager | Thraupis episcopus |
| 297 | Glaucous Tanager | Thraupis glaucocolpa |
| 298 | Palm Tanager | Thraupis palmarum |
| 299 | Swallow Tanager | Tersina viridis |
| 300 | Purple Honeycreeper | Cyanerpes caeruleus |
| 301 | Red-legged Honeycreeper | Cyanerpes cyaneus |
| 302 | Bicolored Conebill | Conirostrum bicolor |
| 303 | White-eared Conebill | Conirostrum leucogenys |
| 304 | Saffron Finch | Sicalis flaveola |
| 305 | Blue-black Grassquit | Volatinia jacarina |
| 306 | Ruddy-breasted Seedeater | Sporophila minuta |
| 307 | Thick-billed Seed-Finch | Sporophila funerea |
| 308 | Gray Seedeater | Sporophila intermedia |
| 309 | Yellow-bellied Seedeater | Sporophila nigricollis |
| 310 | Bananaquit | Coereba flaveola |
| 311 | Black-faced Grassquit | Melanospiza bicolor |
| 312 | Buff-throated Saltator | Saltator maximus |
| 313 | Orinocan Saltator | Saltator orenocensis |
| 314 | Olive-gray Saltator | Saltator olivascens |
| 315 | Streaked Saltator | Saltator striatipectus |
*Nomenclature and taxonomic affinities are based on Clements 6th Edition published 2007 with updates through 2021 maintained by the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, which relies largely on the AOU and SACC nomenclature committees. IUCN status may reflect splits not currently recognized by Clements.
**Species not accepted by Clements, AOU, or SACC that we recognize based on the IOC, field observations along with geographical separation, consensus opinions of field guide authors, and other sources. These species are potential splits in future Clements updates.
OTHER LOCALES
PRESENCE CODES
| Code | Description | ## |
| // | Boreal Visitor | 41 |
| \\ | Austral Visitor | 0 |
| || | Transient | 7 |
| ## | Non-breeding Dispersal | 0 |
| <> | Erratic/Irregular | 0 |
| () | Breeding Season Only | 0 |
| {} | Casual/Vagrant | 2 |
| [] | Accidental | 2 |
STATUS CODES
| Code | Description | ## |
| NT | Near Threatened | 8 |
| V | Vulnerable | 0 |
| EN | Endangered | 1 |
| CR | Critically Endangered | 0 |
Species counts in code tables depend on completeness of the data. For some countries or locales, data may not include all species or information on species presence may be incomplete.
Other Locales