BALE MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK
ETHIOPIA
LOCALE
| # Species: | 350 |
| # Excl Vagrants: | 350 |
| # Endemics: | 10 |
| # Near Endemics: | 14 |
BIRD CHECKLIST
The table below lists species recorded at this locale but does not indicate frequency of occurrence there. It does indicate whether each species is globally threatened or endangered according to the IUCN and also whether it is migratory, very rare, or accidental in the country. The list is based on available data and may be incomplete.*
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| 1 | Blue-winged Goose | Cyanochen cyanoptera |
| 2 | Egyptian Goose | Alopochen aegyptiaca |
| 3 | /Ruddy Shelduck/ | Tadorna ferruginea |
| 4 | Spur-winged Goose | Plectropterus gambensis |
| 5 | /Garganey/ | Spatula querquedula |
| 6 | /Northern Shoveler/ | Spatula clypeata |
| 7 | /Eurasian Wigeon/ | Mareca penelope |
| 8 | African Black Duck | Anas sparsa |
| 9 | Yellow-billed Duck | Anas undulata |
| 10 | /Northern Pintail/ | Anas acuta |
| 11 | /Green-winged Teal/ | Anas crecca |
| 12 | Southern Pochard | Netta erythrophthalma |
| 13 | /Common Pochard/ | Aythya ferina |
| 14 | /Tufted Duck/ | Aythya fuligula |
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| 15 | Moorland Francolin | Scleroptera psilolaemus |
| 16 | Common Quail | Coturnix coturnix |
| 17 | Chestnut-naped Spurfowl | Pternistis castaneicollis |
| 18 | Scaly Spurfowl | Pternistis squamatus |
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| 19 | Speckled Pigeon | Columba guinea |
| 20 | White-collared Pigeon | Columba albitorques |
| 21 | Rameron Pigeon | Columba arquatrix |
| 22 | Lemon Dove | Aplopelia larvata |
| 23 | Dusky Turtle-Dove | Streptopelia lugens |
| 24 | Red-eyed Dove | Streptopelia semitorquata |
| 25 | Ring-necked Dove | Streptopelia capicola |
| 26 | Laughing Dove | Spilopelia senegalensis |
| 27 | Emerald-spotted Wood-Dove | Turtur chalcospilos |
| 28 | Blue-spotted Wood-Dove | Turtur afer |
| 29 | Tambourine Dove | Turtur tympanistria |
| 30 | Bruce's Green-Pigeon | Treron waalia |
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| 31 | White-bellied Go-away-bird | Crinifer leucogaster |
| 32 | White-cheeked Turaco | Menelikkornis leucotis |
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| 33 | Red-chested Cuckoo | Cuculus solitarius |
| 34 | /Common Cuckoo/ | Cuculus canorus |
| 35 | Blue-headed Coucal | Centropus monachus |
| 36 | White-browed Coucal | Centropus superciliosus |
| 37 | Klaas's Cuckoo | Chrysococcyx klaas |
| 38 | African Emerald Cuckoo | Chrysococcyx cupreus |
| 39 | \Dideric Cuckoo\ | Chrysococcyx caprius |
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| 40 | Montane Nightjar | Caprimulgus poliocephalus |
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| 41 | \Scarce Swift\ | Schoutedenapus myoptilus |
| 42 | Alpine Swift | Tachymarptis melba |
| 43 | Mottled Swift | Tachymarptis aequatorialis |
| 44 | /Common Swift/ | Apus apus |
| 45 | Nyanza Swift | Apus niansae |
| 46 | African Palm Swift | Cypsiurus parvus |
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| 47 | Rouget's Rail | Rougetius rougetii |
| 48 | Eurasian Moorhen | Gallinula chloropus |
| 49 | Red-knobbed Coot | Fulica cristata |
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| 50 | Wattled Crane | Bugeranus carunculatus |
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| 51 | /Black-winged Stilt/ | Himantopus himantopus |
| 52 | /Pied Avocet/ | Recurvirostra avosetta |
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| 53 | /Common Ringed Plover/ | Charadrius hiaticula |
| 54 | Three-banded Plover | Thinornis tricollaris |
| 55 | /Little Ringed Plover/ | Thinornis dubius |
| 56 | Spur-winged Lapwing | Vanellus spinosus |
| 57 | Black-winged Lapwing | Vanellus melanopterus |
| 58 | Wattled Lapwing | Vanellus senegallus |
| 59 | Spot-breasted Lapwing | Vanellus melanocephalus |
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| 60 | /Black-tailed Godwit/ | Limosa limosa |
| 61 | African Snipe | Gallinago nigripennis |
| 62 | /Common Snipe/ | Gallinago gallinago |
| 63 | /Common Sandpiper/ | Actitis hypoleucos |
| 64 | /Green Sandpiper/ | Tringa ochropus |
| 65 | /Marsh Sandpiper/ | Tringa stagnatilis |
| 66 | /Wood Sandpiper/ | Tringa glareola |
| 67 | /Spotted Redshank/ | Tringa erythropus |
| 68 | /Common Greenshank/ | Tringa nebularia |
| 69 | /Ruff/ | Calidris pugnax |
| 70 | /Temminck's Stint/ | Calidris temminckii |
| 71 | /Little Stint/ | Calidris minuta |
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| 72 | Temminck's Courser | Cursorius temminckii |
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| 73 | /Black-headed Gull/ | Chroicocephalus ridibundus |
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| 74 | Little Grebe | Tachybaptus ruficollis |
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| 75 | African Openbill | Anastomus lamelligerus |
| 76 | /Black Stork/ | Ciconia nigra |
| 77 | Abdim's Stork | Ciconia abdimii |
| 78 | /White Stork/ | Ciconia ciconia |
| 79 | Marabou Stork | Leptoptilos crumenifer |
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| 80 | /Glossy Ibis/ | Plegadis falcinellus |
| 81 | African Sacred Ibis | Threskiornis aethiopicus |
| 82 | Hadada Ibis | Bostrychia hagedash |
| 83 | Wattled Ibis | Bostrychia carunculata |
| 84 | /Eurasian Spoonbill/ | Platalea leucorodia |
| 85 | African Spoonbill | Platalea alba |
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| 86 | Striated Heron | Butorides striata |
| 87 | Great Egret | Ardea alba |
| 88 | /Gray Heron/ | Ardea cinerea |
| 89 | Black-headed Heron | Ardea melanocephala |
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| 90 | Hamerkop | Scopus umbretta |
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| 91 | Shoebill | Balaeniceps rex |
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| 92 | Secretarybird | Sagittarius serpentarius |
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| 93 | Scissor-tailed Kite | Chelictinia riocourii |
| 94 | Black-winged Kite | Elanus caeruleus |
| 95 | African Harrier-Hawk | Polyboroides typus |
| 96 | Bearded Vulture | Gypaetus barbatus |
| 97 | Egyptian Vulture | Neophron percnopterus |
| 98 | African Cuckoo-Hawk | Aviceda cuculoides |
| 99 | |European Honey-buzzard| | Pernis apivorus |
| 100 | White-headed Vulture | Trigonoceps occipitalis |
| 101 | Lappet-faced Vulture | Torgos tracheliotos |
| 102 | Hooded Vulture | Necrosyrtes monachus |
| 103 | White-backed Vulture | Gyps africanus |
| 104 | Rueppell's Griffon | Gyps rueppelli |
| 105 | Bateleur | Terathopius ecaudatus |
| 106 | Western Banded Snake-Eagle | Circaetus cinerascens |
| 107 | Black-chested Snake-Eagle | Circaetus pectoralis |
| 108 | /Short-toed Snake-Eagle/ | Circaetus gallicus |
| 109 | Brown Snake-Eagle | Circaetus cinereus |
| 110 | Crowned Eagle | Stephanoaetus coronatus |
| 111 | Long-crested Eagle | Lophaetus occipitalis |
| 112 | /Lesser Spotted Eagle/ | Clanga pomarina |
| 113 | /Greater Spotted Eagle/ | Clanga clanga |
| 114 | /Wahlberg's Eagle/ | Hieraaetus wahlbergi |
| 115 | /Booted Eagle/ | Hieraaetus pennatus |
| 116 | Ayres's Hawk-Eagle | Hieraaetus ayresii |
| 117 | Tawny Eagle | Aquila rapax |
| 118 | /Steppe Eagle/ | Aquila nipalensis |
| 119 | /Imperial Eagle/ | Aquila heliaca |
| 120 | Golden Eagle | Aquila chrysaetos |
| 121 | Verreaux's Eagle | Aquila verreauxii |
| 122 | African Hawk-Eagle | Aquila spilogaster |
| 123 | Gabar Goshawk | Micronisus gabar |
| 124 | Dark Chanting-Goshawk | Melierax metabates |
| 125 | Eastern Chanting-Goshawk | Melierax poliopterus |
| 126 | African Goshawk | Aerospiza toussenelii |
| 127 | Little Sparrowhawk | Tachyspiza minullus |
| 128 | /Eurasian Sparrowhawk/ | Accipiter nisus |
| 129 | Rufous-breasted Sparrowhawk | Accipiter rufiventris |
| 130 | Black Goshawk | Astur melanoleucus |
| 131 | /Western Marsh Harrier/ | Circus aeruginosus |
| 132 | African Marsh Harrier | Circus ranivorus |
| 133 | /Pallid Harrier/ | Circus macrourus |
| 134 | /Montagu's Harrier/ | Circus pygargus |
| 135 | /Black Kite/ | Milvus migrans |
| 136 | Yellow-billed Kite** | Milvus aegyptius |
| 137 | /Common Buzzard/ | Buteo buteo |
| 138 | Mountain Buzzard | Buteo oreophilus |
| 139 | /Long-legged Buzzard/ | Buteo rufinus |
| 140 | Augur Buzzard | Buteo augur |
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| 141 | African Scops-Owl | Otus senegalensis |
| 142 | Cape Eagle-Owl | Bubo capensis |
| 143 | Verreaux's Eagle-Owl | Ketupa lactea |
| 144 | African Wood-Owl | Strix woodfordii |
| 145 | Abyssinian Owl | Asio abyssinicus |
| 146 | Marsh Owl | Asio capensis |
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| 147 | Speckled Mousebird | Colius striatus |
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| 148 | Narina Trogon | Apaloderma narina |
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| 149 | Eurasian Hoopoe | Upupa epops |
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| 150 | Black-billed Woodhoopoe | Phoeniculus somaliensis |
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| 151 | Abyssinian Ground-Hornbill | Bucorvus abyssinicus |
| 152 | Northern Red-billed Hornbill | Tockus erythrorhynchus |
| 153 | Silvery-cheeked Hornbill | Bycanistes brevis |
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| 154 | Little Bee-eater | Merops pusillus |
| 155 | Ethiopian Bee-eater | Merops lafresnayii |
| 156 | /European Bee-eater/ | Merops apiaster |
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| 157 | Half-collared Kingfisher | Alcedo semitorquata |
| 158 | Gray-headed Kingfisher | Halcyon leucocephala |
| 159 | (Woodland Kingfisher) | Halcyon senegalensis |
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| 160 | Abyssinian Roller | Coracias abyssinicus |
| 161 | Purple Roller | Coracias naevius |
| 162 | (Broad-billed Roller) | Eurystomus glaucurus |
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| 163 | D'Arnaud's Barbet | Trachyphonus darnaudii |
| 164 | Northern Red-fronted Tinkerbird | Pogoniulus uropygialis |
| 165 | Yellow-fronted Tinkerbird | Pogoniulus chrysoconus |
| 166 | Banded Barbet | Lybius undatus |
| 167 | Double-toothed Barbet | Pogonornis bidentatus |
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| 168 | Green-backed Honeybird | Prodotiscus zambesiae |
| 169 | Brown-backed Honeybird | Prodotiscus regulus |
| 170 | Lesser Honeyguide | Indicator minor |
| 171 | Scaly-throated Honeyguide | Indicator variegatus |
| 172 | Greater Honeyguide | Indicator indicator |
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| 173 | /Eurasian Wryneck/ | Jynx torquilla |
| 174 | Red-throated Wryneck | Jynx ruficollis |
| 175 | Abyssinian Woodpecker | Dendropicos abyssinicus |
| 176 | African Gray Woodpecker | Dendropicos goertae |
| 177 | Mountain Gray Woodpecker | Dendropicos spodocephalus |
| 178 | Nubian Woodpecker | Campethera nubica |
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| 179 | /Lesser Kestrel/ | Falco naumanni |
| 180 | Eurasian Kestrel | Falco tinnunculus |
| 181 | Fox Kestrel | Falco alopex |
| 182 | Gray Kestrel | Falco ardosiaceus |
| 183 | |Amur Falcon| | Falco amurensis |
| 184 | |Eleonora's Falcon| | Falco eleonorae |
| 185 | |Sooty Falcon| | Falco concolor |
| 186 | |Eurasian Hobby| | Falco subbuteo |
| 187 | African Hobby | Falco cuvierii |
| 188 | Lanner Falcon | Falco biarmicus |
| 189 | Peregrine Falcon | Falco peregrinus |
| 190 | Barbary Falcon** | Falco pelegrinoides |
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| 191 | Black-winged Lovebird | Agapornis taranta |
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| 192 | Yellow-fronted Parrot | Poicephalus flavifrons |
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| 193 | Gray Cuckooshrike | Ceblepyris caesia |
| 194 | Black Cuckooshrike | Campephaga flava |
| 195 | Red-shouldered Cuckooshrike | Campephaga phoenicea |
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| 196 | |Eurasian Golden Oriole| | Oriolus oriolus |
| 197 | Ethiopian Black-headed Oriole | Oriolus monacha |
| 198 | African Black-headed Oriole | Oriolus larvatus |
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| 199 | Brown-throated Wattle-eye | Platysteira cyanea |
| 200 | Gray-headed Batis | Batis orientalis |
| 201 | Western Black-headed Batis | Batis erlangeri |
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| 202 | White-crested Helmetshrike | Prionops plumatus |
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| 203 | Northern Puffback | Dryoscopus gambensis |
| 204 | Black-crowned Tchagra | Tchagra senegalus |
| 205 | Ethiopian Boubou | Laniarius aethiopicus |
| 206 | Slate-colored Boubou | Laniarius funebris |
| 207 | Sulphur-breasted Bushshrike | Chlorophoneus sulfureopectus |
| 208 | Gray-headed Bushshrike | Malaconotus blanchoti |
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| 209 | Fork-tailed Drongo | Dicrurus adsimilis |
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| 210 | African Paradise-Flycatcher | Terpsiphone viridis |
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| 211 | |Red-backed Shrike| | Lanius collurio |
| 212 | /Isabelline Shrike/ | Lanius isabellinus |
| 213 | Gray-backed Fiscal | Lanius excubitoroides |
| 214 | Northern Fiscal | Lanius humeralis |
| 215 | /Masked Shrike/ | Lanius nubicus |
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| 216 | Red-billed Chough | Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax |
| 217 | Cape Crow | Corvus capensis |
| 218 | Pied Crow | Corvus albus |
| 219 | Somali Crow | Corvus edithae |
| 220 | Fan-tailed Raven | Corvus rhipidurus |
| 221 | Thick-billed Raven | Corvus crassirostris |
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| 222 | White-winged Black-Tit | Melaniparus leucomelas |
| 223 | White-backed Black-Tit | Melaniparus leuconotus |
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| 224 | Thekla's Lark | Galerida theklae |
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| 225 | Yellow-bellied Eremomela | Eremomela icteropygialis |
| 226 | Green-backed Camaroptera | Camaroptera brachyura |
| 227 | Yellow-breasted Apalis | Apalis flavida |
| 228 | Tawny-flanked Prinia | Prinia subflava |
| 229 | Red-fronted Warbler | Prinia rufifrons |
| 230 | Singing Cisticola | Cisticola cantans |
| 231 | Rattling Cisticola | Cisticola chiniana |
| 232 | Ethiopian Cisticola | Cisticola lugubris |
| 233 | Rufous-winged Cisticola | Cisticola galactotes |
| 234 | Stout Cisticola | Cisticola robustus |
| 235 | Pectoral-patch Cisticola | Cisticola brunnescens |
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| 236 | /Sedge Warbler/ | Acrocephalus schoenobaenus |
| 237 | /Marsh Warbler/ | Acrocephalus palustris |
| 238 | /Common Reed Warbler/ | Acrocephalus scirpaceus |
| 239 | |Great Reed Warbler| | Acrocephalus arundinaceus |
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| 240 | Cinnamon Bracken-Warbler | Bradypterus cinnamomeus |
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| 241 | Black Sawwing | Psalidoprocne pristoptera |
| 242 | Gray-rumped Swallow | Pseudhirundo griseopyga |
| 243 | Banded Martin | Neophedina cincta |
| 244 | Plain Martin | Riparia paludicola |
| 245 | Red-throated Crag-Martin | Ptyonoprogne rufigula |
| 246 | Southern Crag-Martin | Ptyonoprogne fuligula |
| 247 | /Barn Swallow/ | Hirundo rustica |
| 248 | Red-chested Swallow | Hirundo lucida |
| 249 | Ethiopian Swallow | Hirundo aethiopica |
| 250 | /Western House-Martin/ | Delichon urbicum |
| 251 | African Red-rumped Swallow | Cecropis melanocrissus |
| 252 | Lesser Striped Swallow | Cecropis abyssinica |
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| 253 | Northern Brownbul | Phyllastrephus strepitans |
| 254 | Common Bulbul | Pycnonotus barbatus |
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| 255 | /Eastern Bonelli's Warbler/ | Phylloscopus orientalis |
| 256 | |Willow Warbler| | Phylloscopus trochilus |
| 257 | /Common Chiffchaff/ | Phylloscopus collybita |
| 258 | Brown Woodland-Warbler | Phylloscopus umbrovirens |
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| 259 | /Eurasian Blackcap/ | Sylvia atricapilla |
| 260 | |Garden Warbler| | Sylvia borin |
| 261 | Abyssinian Catbird | Sylvia galinieri |
| 262 | African Hill Babbler | Sylvia abyssinica |
| 263 | Banded Parisoma | Curruca boehmi |
| 264 | Brown Parisoma | Curruca lugens |
| 265 | /Greater Whitethroat/ | Curruca communis |
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| 266 | Pale White-eye | Zosterops flavilateralis |
| 267 | Abyssinian White-eye | Zosterops abyssinicus |
| 268 | Ethiopian White-eye | Zosterops poliogastrus |
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| 269 | White-rumped Babbler | Turdoides leucopygia |
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| 270 | Red-billed Oxpecker | Buphagus erythroryncha |
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| 271 | &Wattled Starlingl | Creatophora cinerea |
| 272 | Slender-billed Starling | Onychognathus tenuirostris |
| 273 | Red-winged Starling | Onychognathus morio |
| 274 | White-billed Starling | Onychognathus albirostris |
| 275 | Somali Starling | Onychognathus blythii |
| 276 | Sharpe's Starling | Pholia sharpii |
| 277 | Greater Blue-eared Starling | Lamprotornis chalybaeus |
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| 278 | Abyssinian Ground-Thrush | Geokichla piaggiae |
| 279 | Ethiopian Thrush | Turdus simensis |
| 280 | Abyssinian Thrush | Turdus abyssinicus |
| 281 | African Thrush | Turdus pelios |
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| 282 | African Dusky Flycatcher | Muscicapa adusta |
| 283 | |Spotted Flycatcher| | Muscicapa striata |
| 284 | African Gray Flycatcher | Bradornis microrhynchus |
| 285 | Northern Black-Flycatcher | Melaenornis edolioides |
| 286 | Abyssinian Slaty-Flycatcher | Melaenornis chocolatinus |
| 287 | Rueppell's Robin-Chat | Cossypha semirufa |
| 288 | White-browed Robin-Chat | Cossypha heuglini |
| 289 | |Semicollared Flycatcher| | Ficedula semitorquata |
| 290 | /Common Redstart/ | Phoenicurus phoenicurus |
| 291 | Little Rock-Thrush | Monticola rufocinereus |
| 292 | /Blue Rock-Thrush/ | Monticola solitarius |
| 293 | /Whinchat/ | Saxicola rubetra |
| 294 | /Siberian Stonechat/ | Saxicola maurus |
| 295 | African Stonechat | Saxicola torquatus |
| 296 | Moorland Chat | Pinarochroa sordida |
| 297 | Mocking Cliff-Chat | Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris |
| 298 | Rueppell's Chat | Myrmecocichla melaena |
| 299 | /Northern Wheatear/ | Oenanthe oenanthe |
| 300 | Rusty-breasted Wheatear | Oenanthe frenata |
| 301 | /Isabelline Wheatear/ | Oenanthe isabellina |
| 302 | /Pied Wheatear/ | Oenanthe pleschanka |
| 303 | Abyssinian Wheatear | Oenanthe lugubris |
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| 304 | Collared Sunbird | Hedydipna collaris |
| 305 | Olive Sunbird | Cyanomitra olivacea |
| 306 | Scarlet-chested Sunbird | Chalcomitra senegalensis |
| 307 | Tacazze Sunbird | Nectarinia tacazze |
| 308 | Malachite Sunbird | Nectarinia famosa |
| 309 | Variable Sunbird | Cinnyris venustus |
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| 310 | White-headed Buffalo-Weaver | Dinemellia dinemelli |
| 311 | White-browed Sparrow-Weaver | Plocepasser mahali |
| 312 | Red-headed Weaver | Anaplectes rubriceps |
| 313 | Baglafecht Weaver | Ploceus baglafecht |
| 314 | Spectacled Weaver | Ploceus ocularis |
| 315 | Vitelline Masked-Weaver | Ploceus vitellinus |
| 316 | Black-headed Weaver | Ploceus melanocephalus |
| 317 | Yellow Bishop | Euplectes capensis |
| 318 | Red-cowled Widowbird | Euplectes laticauda |
| 319 | Grosbeak Weaver | Amblyospiza albifrons |
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| 320 | Bronze Mannikin | Spermestes cucullata |
| 321 | Black-and-white Mannikin | Spermestes bicolor |
| 322 | Yellow-bellied Waxbill | Coccopygia quartinia |
| 323 | Green-backed Twinspot | Mandingoa nitidula |
| 324 | Abyssinian Crimsonwing | Cryptospiza salvadorii |
| 325 | Common Waxbill | Estrilda astrild |
| 326 | Red-cheeked Cordonbleu | Uraeginthus bengalus |
| 327 | Red-billed Firefinch | Lagonosticta senegala |
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| 328 | Pin-tailed Whydah | Vidua macroura |
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| 329 | Northern Gray-headed Sparrow | Passer griseus |
| 330 | Swainson's Sparrow | Passer swainsonii |
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| 331 | Mountain Wagtail | Motacilla clara |
| 332 | /Gray Wagtail/ | Motacilla cinerea |
| 333 | /Western Yellow Wagtail/ | Motacilla flava |
| 334 | Citrine Wagtail | Motacilla citreola |
| 335 | African Pied Wagtail | Motacilla aguimp |
| 336 | /White Wagtail/ | Motacilla alba |
| 337 | African Pipit | Anthus cinnamomeus |
| 338 | Long-billed Pipit | Anthus similis |
| 339 | /Tree Pipit/ | Anthus trivialis |
| 340 | /Red-throated Pipit/ | Anthus cervinus |
| 341 | Abyssinian Longclaw | Macronyx flavicollis |
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| 342 | White-rumped Seedeater | Crithagra leucopygius |
| 343 | African Citril | Crithagra citrinelloides |
| 344 | Reichenow's Seedeater | Crithagra reichenowi |
| 345 | Streaky Seedeater | Crithagra striolatus |
| 346 | Brown-rumped Seedeater | Crithagra tristriatus |
| 347 | Yellow-crowned Canary | Serinus flavivertex |
| 348 | Ethiopian Siskin | Serinus nigriceps |
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| 349 | Cinnamon-breasted Bunting | Emberiza tahapisi |
| 350 | Somali Bunting | Emberiza poliopleura |
*Nomenclature and taxonomic affinities are based on Clements 6th Edition published 2007 with updates through 2021 maintained by the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, which relies largely on the AOU and SACC nomenclature committees. IUCN status may reflect splits not currently recognized by Clements.
**Species not accepted by Clements, AOU, or SACC that we recognize based on the IOC, field observations along with geographical separation, consensus opinions of field guide authors, and other sources. These species are potential splits in future Clements updates.
OTHER LOCALES
PRESENCE CODES
| Code | Description | ## |
| // | Boreal Visitor | 71 |
| \\ | Austral Visitor | 2 |
| || | Transient | 12 |
| ## | Non-breeding Dispersal | 0 |
| <> | Erratic/Irregular | 1 |
| () | Breeding Season Only | 2 |
| {} | Casual/Vagrant | 2 |
| [] | Accidental | 0 |
STATUS CODES
| Code | Description | ## |
| NT | Near Threatened | 9 |
| V | Vulnerable | 9 |
| EN | Endangered | 5 |
| CR | Critically Endangered | 4 |
Species counts in code tables depend on completeness of the data. For some countries or locales, data may not include all species or information on species presence may be incomplete.